Library  of  the 

University    of  North  Caroline 

Endowed  by  the  Dialectic  and  Philan- 
thropic Societies. 


3i  -z.-)  —  Vz\J? 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00022230220 


This  book  is  due  at  the  LOUIS  R.  WILSON  LIBRARY  on  the 
last  date  stamped  under  "Date  Due."  If  not  on  hold  it  may  be 
renewed  by  bringing  it  to  the  library. 

DATE                    OVT 
DUE                      RET 

DATE 
DUE 

P~-=*~*- 

0CT1  2  7 

Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 


http://archive.org/details/firstdaysinnumbeOOvana 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  DUMBER 


A  PRIMER  OF  ARITHMETIC 


BY 

DELLA   VanAMBURGH 


SILVER,   BURDETT   AND    COMPANY 

NEW  YORK        BOSTON        CHICAGO 


Copyright,  1903,  1910, 
By  SILVER,  BURDETT  AND  COMPANY. 


PREFACE. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  book  to  teach  number  facts  to  the 
primary  pupil.  Education  is  development,  and  especially  is  this  true 
of  the  best  primary  work.  The  mind  of  the  child  just  entering  school 
is  bent  upon  investigation,  exploration,  and  discovery.  It  is  the 
privilege  of  the  primary  teacher  to  guide  this  investigation,  furnish 
proper  and  fruitful  environment  for  exploration,  and  teach  the  child 
the  use  of  the  best  written  and  spoken  language  in  which  he  may  tell 
of  his  discoveries. 

There  is  no  broader  field  for  the  free  development  of  the  child 
mind  than  is  to  be  found  in  number  work.  The  child  needs  only  to 
be  invited  and  he  will  discover  many  facts  concerning  his  home,  birds, 
animals,  flowers,  fruits,  and  forms ;  in  short,  he  will  discover  the 
world  in  which  he  lives. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  book  to  emphasize  the  discoveries  the  pupil 
makes  in  his  explorations  in  the  world  of  number,  and  to  furnish  help 
and  means  by  which  he  may  express  these  facts  to  others  and  record 
them  for  himself.  It  is  sincerely  desired  that  the  teacher  who  may 
use  this  book  will  not  present  the  work  as  a  basis  for  the  number 
lesson.  Each  page  should  be  made  the  result  of  investigation  and 
original  research,  in  which  the  pupil  is  led  to  discover  the  facts  he 
finds  expressed  upon  the  page. 

This  book  is  designed  to  furnish  systematic  written  work  for  the 
pupil,  in  which  he  finds  expressed  in  written  words,  figures,  and  signs 
the  facts  he  must  have  discovered  and  expressed  understanding^  in 
the  oral  lessons. 

Number  work,  as  well  as  every  phase  of  primary  education,  should 
be  made  a  delight  and  the  children  should  be  happy  in  its  accomplish- 
ment. 

Della  VanAmburgh. 
3 


SUGGESTIONS. 
CONVERSATIONAL  LESSONS. 

One  of  the  first  essentials  in  primary  education  is  the  ability  of 
the  pupil  to  talk  without  restraint  and  in  good  language.  To  cor- 
relate this  phase  of  development  with  number  work  lends  interest 
to  the  lesson,  inspires  self-confidence  in  the  pupil,  awakens  the  child 
mind  to  the  realization  of  the  wonders  it  is  his  privilege  to  explore. 
Number  work  is  one  of  the  means  of  the  primary  teacher  by  which 
the  natural  investigating  tendency  of  the  child  may  be  turned  into 
channels  where  he  will  make  discoveries  concerning  the  truths  of 
nature  and  the  inventions  of  man. 

The  pictures  throughout  the  book  are  not  in  any  way  designed  to 
take  the  place  of  actual  objects.  Such  objects  as  are  attractive  and 
interesting  to  the  pupil  are  represented.  They  are  familiar  to  him, 
and  yet  they  suggest  many  avenues  of  study  to  the  skilful  teacher. 

The  first  few  pages  are  suggestions  for  conversational  work.  Ob- 
jects of  life  have  been  chosen  because  the  animal  kingdom  naturally 
interests  the  child  mind.  Quadruped,  biped,  bird,  fish,  and  insect  are 
represented.  The  child  is  easily  led  to  observe,  study,  and  classify  the 
animals  around  him.  He  is  interested  in  observing  the  many  kinds 
belonging  to  one  class  and  in  studying  separately  and  comparatively 
their  forms,  foods,  homes,  habits,  and  usefulness.  In  this  work,  num- 
ber appeals  incidentally  to  the  mind  and  little  need  be  said  in  regard 
to  it. 

Page  10  represents  the  inventions  of  man.  The  objects  suggested 
should  be  studied  with  a  purpose  of  discovering  something  of  their 
manufacture,  the  material  used,  their  parts,  and  their  distinctive  use- 
fulness. 

6 


6  SUGGESTIONS. 

Fruits  and  flowers  invite  the  pupil  to  study  nature.  Fruits  sug- 
gest the  study  of  color,  form,  leaves,  trees,  vines,  buds,  blossoms, 
seeds,  pulp,  skins,  juices,  and  the  condition  of  the  country  and  climate 
in  which  the  tree  is  found.  Flowers  suggest  the  study  of  plants, 
leaves,  roots,  stems,  buds,  petals,  pistils,  stamens,  form,  size,  color, 
individual  characteristics,  condition  of  the  soil,  and  the  season  in  which 
the  plant  grows  and  blossoms. 

The  children  should  be  invited  to  gather  a  specified  number  of 
flowers,  leaves,  twigs,  or  buds  of  a  certain  kind.  It  is  well  to  give 
the  pupil  a  definite  task.  Failure  of  earnest  effort  to  accomplish  a 
purpose  is  of  more  value  than  undefined  results  attained  at  random. 
The  child  who  diligently  searches  for  eight  maple  leaves  and  fails  to 
find  one  has  really  accomplished  more  than  the  pupil  who  has  been 
told  to  gather  a  few  leaves  and  presents  scores  of  them  of  every 
variety. 

GEOMETRICAL   FORMS. 

Many  of  the  lessons  lead  to  the  study  of  the  simplest  of  geomet- 
rical forms.  It  is  very  desirable  that  the  pupil  make  his  own  material 
for  use  in  this  work  by  cutting  squares,  triangles,  and  circles  from 
colored  paper ;  and  moulding  spheres,  cylinders,  and  cubes  from  clay 
or  cutting  them  from  small  potatoes.  The  facts  expressed  upon  pages 
57,  58,  59,  and  other  similar  pages,  are  capable  of  being  represented  by 
drawings  or  by  pasting  colored  forms  upon  a  sheet  of  paper.  This  is 
a  delightful  occupation  for  little  people  and  one  that  requires  thought 
and  care. 

ANALYSIS. 

A  simple  form  of  analysis  is  presented,  as  on  pages  21,  26,  32. 
These  lessons  make  practical  application  of  the  facts  that  have  been 
discovered  in  the -preceding  work.  Great  care  should  be  taken  that 
the  pupil  be  quite  familiar  with  every  word  occurring  on  the  page 
before  the  lesson  is  presented.     If  possible,  use  the  real  objects  men- 


SUGGESTIONS.  7 

tioned  in  the  problems  and  allow  the  children  to  act  out  the  thought 
expressed.  When  the  pupil  is  familiar  with  the  thought,  ho  may  read 
the  analysis  and  supply  the  missing  words.  He  should  then  copy  the 
page,  giving  attention  to  arrangement,  paragraphing,  punctuation, 
neatness,  and  accuracy. 

MONEY. 

Money  should  be  studied  with  real  coins  in  the  hands  of  the  teacher 
and,  if  possible,  toy  money  in  the  hands  of  the  pupils.  It  is  well  to 
allow  the  children  to  buy  and  sell,  setting  their  own  prices  and  making 
their  own  change.  They  will  discover  in  this  work  the  facts  expressed 
upon  the  pages  devoted  to  money  transactions,  which  should  be  stud- 
ied orally  and  then  written  with  all  blanks  filled,, 

TIME. 

Make  a  thorough  study  of  the  calendar.  Teach  the  names  of  the 
months,  the  days  of  the  week,  the  seasons,  and  the  months  included 
in  each  season.  Note  the  time  of  the  change  of  the  seasons  and  the 
effects  of  the  change  upon  the  woods  and  the  field. 

It  is  interesting  to  make  a  suggestive  calendar  each  month  and 
keep  a  record  of  the  attendance,  of  holidays,  bright  and  cloudy  days, 
snowstorms,  and  rain. 

Study  the  watch  and  the  clock.  The  reading  of  the  time  from  the 
face  of  a  clock  or  watch  is  fascinating  to  children. 

MEASUEE. 

A  clear  idea  of  the  pint,  quart,  gallon,  peck,  and  bushel,  inch,  foot, 
and  yard  can  only  be  obtained  from  the  real  measures.  The  pupil 
should  do  as  much  real  measuring  as  possible.  He  is  interested  in 
measuring  water  and  sand.  r  He  should  make  a  foot  measure  and  a 
yard  stick,  or  a  yard  tape-measure,  with  which  he  may  find  the  dimen- 
sions of  his  desk,  the  room,  windows,  tables,  chairs,  his  height,  etc. 


8  SUGGESTIONS. 

NUMBER   LANGUAGE  LESSONS. 

A  series  of  number  essays  are  interspersed  throughout  the  book, 
as  on  pages  39,  92,  and  104.  These  lessons  require  the  pupil  to  make 
independent  investigation.  The  pupil  should  write  these  little  essays 
with  the  utmost  care. 

GENERAL. 

To  obtain  the  best  results,  no  written  work  should  bo  required  of 
the  pupil  before  the  teacher  is  quite  sure  that  he  is  able  to  express 
understandingly  in  spoken  words  the  statement  desired  in  writing. 
Each  and  every  page  is  designed  to  be  reproduced  by  the  pupil.  This 
may  be  accomplished  in  various  ways :  by  grouping  objects,  pasting 
forms,  drawing,  or  writing.  To  vary  the  written  work,  the  word  may 
be  used  where  the  figure  and  sign  occur ;  and  the  figure  and  sign 
may  be  exchanged  for  the  word. 

The  pupil  should  always  have  sufficient  assistance  and  means  of 
helping  himself,  whether  it  be  little  or  very  much,  to  insure  a  clear 
understanding  and  absolute  accuracy. 


10 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


11 


12 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


FIRST  DAYS 

IN  NUMBER.                                     13 

OO 

OO 

ooo 

ooo 

oooo 

oooo 

OO      OO      OO 

oooo 

ooo 

•••  •••  ooo 

14  FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


AAA  AAA 


♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 

OOO  ooo  ooo 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  15 

/ 

3        3        3 

If  If  If  If 

&     s     s     s     s 

6  6       6       6       &       6 

7  7       7       7       7       7       7 

<r      <r      <r      <r      <r      <r      <r      <r 

qqqqqqqqq 


16  FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 
/ 

12 

/  2  3  '                   .          ' 

/  2  3  4 

/  2  3  4        5 

J  2  3  4-        S        6 

/  2  3  4        5        6         7 

/  2  3  4- '        S        6         7        <T  ' 

/  2  3  4       s .     6        7       f       q 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  17 

12     3     ^     s     6     7     <r     q     io 

J  2  3  4  S  6  7  <T  q  JO 
l234-5br]$<qjO 
J      2      3      4      £      6-    7      <f       q       10 

j     2     3     4     s     6      7     s1     q      jo 

J23^Sb7^qjO 
J      2      3      4      s      6       7       <f       q       JO 

j     2     3     4     s     6      7     <r     q      jo 

I      2       3       4      £      b       7       £       q       JO 

J23^'Sb]^qJ0 


18 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


+ 

and 
plus 


and 

+     ; 


less 
minus 


and 


3        +        1 


and 


2        +        2 


2-1 


4-2 


■■.»vm> :Jj^r^ 

3-2 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


19 


2  =  Two     two  =  II 


1  +  1  =  ? 

2  +  0=  ? 

0  +  2  =  ? 

1  +  ?  =2 


2+  ? 
?  +2 
2-1 

2-2 


2-0  =  ? 
2-?  =1 

2-?  =0 

2-?  =2 


/ 
2 

QsVbO 

Jump 


j 


UMP 


—    oriA/ 


axis   (A, 


—  ffauf'- 


20  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

2  IIoaz&   aAA/   —   nrupve^   tAayrv    J 

I   ££&fy   i&   —   ItA/p   tfvasvh  2 

Jump  ptcuaPP   aAAs   —   rnxpA^t-   tAcun   o^nAs 

Q-ruts  llaxp   Up   —   le/u^  tfvouru   tuMP 


Jump  i&   —  vrupAses  ttva/yv  o^yve^. 
Jump   Up  —   rnxMuo  tAuims   rui>waAfc. 
Qm^   i&  —   i^Up   tfva/rv   tuMP. 

Jump  up  —  m/pvo  tfva/rv  /. 
Jump  up  —  m/PA//  tfva/rv  0. 
Q-rve,  up  —   fe/p^  tA/urv  2. 

2   up   —   nna/Moo   tfva/rv    /. 
2   up   —   mxpsus   tfva/n^    0. 
I    Up   —   ve/p^   tfva/rv  2. 

O/n/y-fvaM  (pi  tuMP  SAcua^   up   —   lla/^. 

\    <pl   2    1M3/VP     =     — 

Q^rv^-fvaM  <pA  tupo  i& 
\   <U  2    =   — , 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  21 


I7la/Us  ayrvcL  7UM  A^a/iMs  —  iXaxiA,;   faexyaAU^ 
i    +    /    =   2. 

TUxt  fiia<oL  2  ilaty&.       M^y  IoaZ    I 
TUxi,  fvaAs  —  lla<Qs :    S^coaaa^  —  —  — 


JltM  ostvoL  T%a/u>  k<2AMs  —  lam&  ;    i^oaAAA^o 


TUxl   fvad,  2    to-fi<6s.       J^o    lo-$Z    I    tofh. 
TU^cL  A<Os6s  —  tafu ;    £^exxi4AAs£<   —  —  —  —  — 


22 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


balls 


3  =  Three 

three  =  III 

JfV'ls&O 

tflAyfyO 

2  +  ?  =  3 

?  +  2  =  3 

3-  1  .=  ? 

3-  ?  =  1 

1  +  ?  =  3 

?  +  1  =  3 

3-2  =  ? 

3  -  ?  =  2 

0+  ?  =  3 

?  +0  =  3 

3-  3  =  ? 

3  -  ?  =  0 

3  +  ?  =  3 

?  +3  =  3 

3.-0  =  ? 

3-  ?  =  3 

kites. 

2  balls  +  1  ball  =  —  balls. 
1  kite  -\ kites  =  3  kites. 

3  tops  —  1  top  =  —  tops. 

3  kites kites  =  1  kite. 

3  kites  —  1  kite  =  -   -  kites. 
3  balls  -  2  balls  =  —  ball. 


tops. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


23 


One-third  of  3  tents  is  —  tent. 
Two-thirds  of  3  tents  are  —  tents. 
Three-thirds  of  3  tents  are  —  tents. 


i  of  3  tents  == 
f  of  3  tents  = 
•§  of  3  tents  = 


-  tent. 
— :  tents. 
—  tents. 


One-third  of  3  flags  is  —  flag. 
Two-thirds  of  3  flags  are  —  flags. 
Three-thirds  of  3  flags  are  —  flagSo 

^  of  3  flags  =  —  flag, 
f  of  3  flags  =  —  flags. 
■f  of  3  flags  =  —  flags. 


24  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

3  balls  are  —  more  than  2  balls. 
3  balls  are  —  more  than  1  ball. 

1  ball  is  —  less  than  3  balls. 

2  balls  are  —  less  than  3  balls. 

3  tops  are  —  more  than  1  top. 
3  tops  are  —  more  than  2  tops. 
3  kites  are  — -  more  than  1  kite. 

2  kites  are  —  less  than  3  kites. 

3  kites  are  - —  more  than  2  kites. 

1  kite  is  —  less  than  3  kites. 

2  tops  are  —  less  than  3  tops. 
1  top  is  —  less  than  3  tops. 

3  fans  are  —  more  than  1  fan. 


\  aZ  3  Mt€/6s  =  ■ — ■  mto. 
3 


Qm^-tAiAsob  al  3  3-aM&  <A>  ■ —  i^aJl. 


i  o4  3 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  25 

(sXrvt/  a/woL  —  aA^  tnA&t/. 

JAaa^O  lt<6A>  tuMP  US/  — ■ 
JflAA/t/  ltAA>  <pn€s  i&>  — . 
J  flAAyO  WAAs  —  iA/  TUZ4AXlAZ. 
(Qri^-truAyds  o-l  tfiAA^s  06/  — . 
J UMP-tAiAyOU/  oX  tnAsOts  <A/  — . 
J  h^yO-tA^A^A/  ®X  tflAA^y  06/  — . 


3  is- 

—  more  than  2. 

3  is 

—  more  than  1. 

2  is 

—  less  than  3. 

1  is  - 

—  less  than  3. 

Three  is 

—  more  than  one, 

Three  is 

—  more  than  two 

Two  is  — 

—  less  than  three. 

One  is  — 

—  less  than  three. 

26  FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  > 

CXaAyCU  fvaAs  2    oa/nA>.       jUM  ruu^    /    Sayrh, 
CloUuz,  ou^rtxl   TltM  h<a/iM/  —  £a/n& ;   tt-eAXMA&e, 


lout   3   i^aJU.       J  ho  t&U    /   twM. 
jVLa/Us  ftiaAs  —   inzll& ;    i^-txxidAA^  —  —  —  —   — 

/Uxi/  tva^   —   u-oafc ;    v-esca4As&£s  —   —   —   —  — . 

tAstsWls.  TltM       lo&Z       —        litis®'  ,'       i^OOCUiA^ 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


27 


3  +  ? 
1+? 

2  +  ? 

4  +  ? 


4  =  Four  four  =  IV 

4         ?  +  3  =  4  4- 1 =  ? 

4         ?  +  2  =  4  4-2=? 

4         ?  +  1  =  4  4-4  =  ? 

4         ?+4=4  4-3=? 


4-? 
4-? 
4-? 
4-? 


3 
1 
0 

2 


1        +        1 


2     +     2  =  ? 

JrwyivO  a/AL^>     -2' &  iris 

+ 

3     +     1  =  ? 


28 


FIRST  DATS  IN   NUMBER. 


apples. 

7    IsUAs. 


pears. 


peaches. 


3  apples  +  1  apple  =  ?  apples. 
2  pears  +  ?  pears  =  4  pears. 

1  peach  -{-  ?  peaches  =  4  peaches. 

4  apples  —  2  apples  =  ?  apples. 
4  pears  —  1  pear  =  ?  pears. 

4  peaches  —  ?  peaches  =  2  peaches. 
?  apples  +  2  apples  =  4  apples. 
?  peaches  +  1  peach  =  4  peaches. 
?  pears  +  1  pear  =  4  pears. 
4  peaches  —  ?  peaches  =  2  peaches. 
4  apples  —  ?  apples  =  1  apple. 
4  pears  —  ?  pears  =  1  pear. 


4  apples 
2  apples 
?  apples 


4  peaches 
1  peach 
?  peaches 


4  pears 
— ?  pears 
1  pear 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


29 


4  apples. 

4  ashsh/l<eAs. 


3  apples.  2  apples.  1  apple. 

4  apples  are  ?  more  than  3  apples. 
4  apples  are  ?  more  than  2  apples. 
4  apples  are  ?  more  than  1  apple. 
3  apples  are  ?  less  than  4  apples. 
2  apples  are  ?  less  than  4  apples. 
1  apple  is  ?  less  than  4  apples. 


Four  is  - 
Four  is  - 
Four  is  - 
Three  is 
Two  is  - 
One  is  - 


more  than  three. 

more  than  two. 

more  than  one. 
-  less  than  four, 
less  than  four. 
]ess  than  four. 


30 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


One-half  of  4  flags  is  —  flags, 
i  of  4  flags  =  —  flags. 

Two-halves  of  4  flags  are  —  flags, 
f  of  4  flags  =  —  flags. 


One-fourth  of  4  drums  is  —  drum. 
J  of  4  drums  =  —  drum. 

Two-fourths  of  4  drums  are  —  drums. 
-I  of  4  drums  =  —  drums. 


Three-fourths  of  4  drums  are  —  drums, 
f  of  4  drums  =  —  drums. 


Four-fourths  of  4  drums  are  —  drums. 
\  of  4  drums  =  —  drums. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


31 


One-half  of  4  is  ? 
4-T-2  =  ? 

Two  2's  are  ? 
2x2  =  ? 

2  flags  x  2  =  ?  flags. 
4  drums  -h  ?  =  1  drum. 
4  drums  x  ?  =  4  drums. 


One-fourth  of  4  is  ? 
4-r-4  =  ? 

Four  l's  are  ? 
1x4  =  ? 

4  flags  -f-  ?  =  2  flags. 
2  flags  x  ?  =  4  flags. 
1  drum  x  ?  =  4  drums. 


i  of  4  is  ? 
f  of  4  is  ? 


i  of  4  is  ? 
f  of  4  is  ? 


?  is  i  of  4. 
?  is  i  of  4. 


n0yO-1AMAs/l4)rh  <PU  UOUAs  iA 


■TVO-flOsll  ol  lo-'UAly   iAs   . 


32  FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

(LoJi/rv  A&As  3  dA4jyrru^.  Thexi  Jvoa,  / 
d/uu/yru.  (Lon/yv  a/ruoL  /Lett  Am/im,  — 
dAA4/nv6s;    v^AXMi&ts  —  —  —  —  — . 

TUM  kaAs  2  IcunAs.  iTUz/w  AxzAs  2 
la/nAs.  7U£l  a/wcL  Tllsa/U/  A<a/iMs  — 
Io/vtAs;    $^A>aAJAs£/  —  —  —  —  — 

Ca/ol  AazaI  4  dA4j/mA/.  hCo  &oXct  / 
dA4A/my.  CoaJs  fvaAs  —  cUou/mA,;  3^- 
oaAi&e/  —  —  —  —  —. 

ClaAAZ/  jvoud  4  ashspXe&s.  jJAst-  oxjaiM/ 
2  aAvhJyeAs  to  jloJisrv.  C£aA<Zs  AuiA,  — 
oshfiitA/;    S^oa^uA^  —  —  —  —  — . 

TUJl  fvoui  ^  fisexiscA^As.  Jlfvts  a<asu^ 
4     o4    tAe/rris    to    C-oaI.       (ZoaX    A/oa^    — 

u 

flAAZ<cA<t&> ;     S^OOA4A^    —    —    —    —    — . 

jjsoJums  had,  4  psoa/u&.  Mo  cjsOsV-es  \ 
o£  tAtsrn,  to  7UM.  7UM  Axja,  —  fi^a/u; 
i^exxMi^o  —  —  —   —   — , 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


3  +  ? 

4  +  ? 

2  +  ? 

1  +  ? 
0  +  ? 

5  +  ? 


5 
5 
5 

5 
5 

5 


5  =  Five     five  =  Y 


?  +  4 

?  +  l 
?  +  0 
?  +  2 
?  +  3 
?  +  5 


5 
5 
5 

5 


=  5 


5 
5 

5 
5 
5 
5 


5  =  ? 

1  =? 

3  =  ? 
0  =  ? 

4  =  ? 

2  =  ? 


5-? 

5-? 
5-? 
5-? 
5-? 

5-? 


5 
4 
2 
0 
1 
3 


4-  OAsO/Fl/, 


+  / 

+  ? 


=  ?  OA 
■  S 


?  <yA,<a/nsa^A/  +  3 

f  fo^OAAs    —    3    'hs^OU'lAs    =    ?  j^yO/ly^. 


H 


-  / 

6s  —  J2  ^"UZsrUZs&d/  =  ? 


6s. 


OfV06y. 


ZAs. 


34 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER, 


2  +  2  +     1   =  ? 

There  are  two  2's  and  —  more  in  5. 


3     +  '  2  =■? 
There  is  one  3  and  —  more  in  5. 


4     + 
There  is  one  4  and  — 


Two  2's  and  1  are  ? 
2  times  2  and  1  are  ? 
2x2+1=? 

One  4  and  1  are  ? 
1  time  4  and  ?  are  5. 
4  x  1  +  ?  =  5. 


1  =  ? 
more  in  5. 

One  3  and  2  are  ? 
1  time  3  and  ?  are  5. 
3xl+2=? 

Five  l's  are  ? 
5  times  ?  are  5. 
1x5  =  ? 


Note.  —  Read  the  sign  (  x  )  "  multiplied  by." 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


35 


4  cherries.  3  cherries.  2  cherries.  1  cherry. 

5  cherries  are  ?  more  than  4  cherries. 
5  cherries  are  ?  more  than  1  cherry. 
5  cherries  are  ?  more  than  3  cherries. 
5  cherries  are  ?  more  than  2  cherries. 

1  cherry  is  ?  less  than  5  cherries. 

3  cherries  are  ?  less  than  5  cherries 

2  cherries  are  ?  less  than  5  cherries. 

4  cherries  are  ?  less  than  5  cherries. 

Five  is  —  more  than  four.  One  is  —  less  than  five. 

Five  is  —  more  than  two.  Three  is  —  less  than  five. 

Five  is  —  more  than  three.  Two  is  —  less  than  five. 

Five  is  —  more  than  one.  Four  is  —  less  than  five. 


36 


FTRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


One-fifth,  of  5  chairs  is  —  chair. 
^  of  5  chairs  =  —  chair. 

Two-fifths  of  5  chairs  are  —  chairs. 
|  of  5  chairs  =  —  chairs. 

Four-fifths  of  5  chairs  are  —  chairs, 
f  of  5  chairs  =  —  chairs. 

Three-fifths  of  5  chairs  are  —  chairs, 
f  of  5  chairs  =  —  chairs. 

Five-fifths  of  5  chairs  are  —  chairs, 
f  of  5  chairs  =  —  chairs. 


lot  5 


of 
of 


4  of 


of  5  = 


?  is  i  of  5. 
?  is  |  of  5. 
?  is  f  of  5. 
?  is  f  of  5. 
?  is  f  of  5. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  37 


JJ4A>a4As6st>    — 


tMA>OAAA^    —    —    —    —    — 


J^Co  AtfA;  ilaAlA^ ;      3-tAXMlA^/    —    —    —    —    - 

l%a/w  Aleut  5  jny€M/iAs,       jJiiAs  a^a/iMs  \ 


ZA?/yrb.        kCts    Avoids    —    0A*Lruci4s& ;     5-exxuAA^y 


pAMX^rUy^  oo6Z  —  oeynyU^;  S^ooaaa^ ■   —   — . 


38  FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 

REVIEW. 

Four  +  one  =  — .  Three  —  two  =  — . 

Three  +  one  =  — .  Four  —  two  =  — . 

Two  +  one  =  — .  Two  —  two  =  — . 

i  of  4  flags  =  ?         i  of  3  kites  =  ?         i  of  4  tents  =  ? 
f  of  4  flags  =  ?         f  of  3  kites  =  ?         J  of  4  tents  =  ? 

1  apple  x  2  =  ?  4  drums  ~  2  =  ? 

1  orange  x  3  =  ?  5  chairs  -j-  5  =  ? 

2  peaches  x  2  =  ?  3  balls  -f-  3  =  ? 


^2^    fi^oucJv    fva&    <pnA/    6sesexjy. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  39 


"rva/m^y    (A>    — •    — ;       J?    ii/iMs    t/n, 
— ,     - — .        J?     atteynxi    tAt>    —    jJcAoo-1. 

Ul/iM   rixMA,  iA<   —  am<oL  wi/Us  onjAA  aAAs   = 

J?     asm,     —     n^oaAA     aid.       J?     hxixu-ey   — 

J?   oa/ns   rba/mses   —   ooloAA.       J?   tA<imA 

- iA>     Ob     IMA/Us     flA^XJ/W     OO-loAs.  J?     OOATb 


nxa/nves  —  fAswtfA>.       J?  iiA&  tA&>  —  JpeJsteAs 

tAd/ru    a/n/Us    oJJveAs    IuaaZ.  J?    ^nxMi^    uve^ 

rua/rrutAs    <p£>    —    IIomm/u^.  JA^    —    id,    a, 

1MA/W      $^XM4M£4asI    pltMAMAs.  J?      fewAMAJ-      tAts 

Tva/nvtAs    eZ    —    £nAxi&.       J?  iiAo    to    ftiAxzAs 
tAt>  —  M/nxis. 

J?    &WAMA^    UMZ/ljAs    to  S^y    A^M^JsVlI    to 

atfveAAs. 


40 


FIRST    DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


S 


3  a-pyfiJ^s  +  9  aJqyl 


iax}-rh  =  ? 


=     6     Ciyhyh^6y. 


3 


S     Oyfi  ;   —    If    Os 


nA,  =  ? 


=  ? 


t4/. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


41 


There  are  —  2's  in  six 


There  are  —  3's  in  six. 


^T^i 


& 


There  is  one  4  and  ?  more  in  six. 


l^w 


There  is  one  5  and  ?  more  in  six. 


2  pansies  x  ?  =  6  pansies.  6  pansies  ^  3  =  ?  pansies. 

3  violets  x  ?  =  6  violets.  6  violets  h-  2  =  ?  violets. 

4  leaves  +  ?  leaves  =  6  leaves.  \  of  6  violets  =  ?  violets. 

?  daisies  + 1  daisy  =  6  daisies.  \  of  6  pansies  =  ?  pansies. 


42 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


5  roses. 


6  roses. 


4  roses.         3  roses.        2  roses. 

6  roses  are  ?  more  than  5  roses. 
6  roses  are  ?  more  than  2  roses. 
6  roses  are  ?  more  than  1  rose. 
6  roses  are  ?  more  than  3  roses. 
6  roses  are  ?  more  than  4  roses. 


1  rose. 


jjuo  (As  - 

Qyyvey  uS/  - 

3(MAAy  (A/ 


rVbOAyO  tftlAJyTV  pi/lMs. 


nnnx^yty  tfva/w  triA^o. 

■  ItAA,  lAo/TV  6AAO. 
■  l^AAs  tAa/W  &isZs. 
tA^O/TO  6AA&. 
Ms  MA>. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


43 


3 UM>-tAi/lydA<    ol    S     l^XJ/lWAs    OAAs    —    It<a/IMA> 

I  at  6  lt>a/iMA>  aAAs  —  l<umwAs. 

J AAAs&-tAAA<6L6/  O-l    b     l&OAMAs    a/Ms    —    l&OsWA;. 

f   oX   6  loasnMAs  aAs&  —   loa/iMA;. 

\  oJs   S  insula  i>6,   —   {mascU/. 

f   <m!>    6  £hu(/>  aAy&  —   S-wcU^. 

\  of  6  =  ?  ?  is  \  of  6. 

-I  of  6  =  ?  ?  is  i  of  6. 

■f  of  6  =  ?  ?  is  f  of  6. 


44 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


3  violets  X  ?  = 
2  pansies  x  ?  = 


3  +  3 

3  x  ? 


6  violets. 
6  pansies. 

2  +  2  +  2 
2  x  ?  =6 


—  ? 


£  of  6  violets  =  ?  violets, 
i  of  6  violets  =  ?  violets. 


6-^2 
6-h  3 


iof  6 

iof(3 


1  violet  x  ?  = 
6  violets  ~-  ?  = 
6  violets  x  ?  = 
6  violets  -T-  ?  = 


6  violets. 
=  1  violet. 
:  6  violets. 
=  6  violets. 


6  x  ? 
6-=-? 


6 
6 


1  x  ? 


FIRST   DAYS   IN    NUMBER.  45 

OOL'W&t/    —     —     —    —     ~ . 

tux^t&s    to    nUyyvay.       C-laAyOy    fisaAs    —    /ix^ye^ ; 

i^OO/UA^y    —    —  ■  —    —    — . 

tfve^ris.         (LoArv    lo&L    —    ^u^oltyt^ ;    i^esOOsisUyes 

\  ol  triMris  to  (ZlaAyOs.  daA^cu  fvaA^  — • 
wUpg&ZA/ ;     {MAya/UAses  —  —  —  —  — 

(lonm,  fvasoL  S  fvayix^yUA^.  hC&  QsOsWs  \ 
ol  tfa*/m>  to  JleM.  7UM  A<a&>  —  fba/YuU^6/ ; 
{MxxjsW&e/  —  —  —  — -  _ 

Jl   Aa/iMs    3    {aai^^As   a/nxis     (Lonms    tva/^ 

U-OCOAAA^    —    —    —    — •    — ■ 


2 


43 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


7  -?  =  0 

7  -?  =  4 

7-?  =  6 

7  -  ?  =  3 

7-?  =  1 

7-?  =  5 

7-?  =  7 

7  -?  =  2 

cunoyd   — -   {majAs  aAA^  'Maimatl  ocvaAs. 

a/rods  OQy(U^  a/iA^  64/ihe/yv 

a/rut?  tsaxJAs  oAt-   6AAMsris   tsa&A. 


tAJyOA. 


00/0/^  a/ut>  —  e<cjsaAs. 

-    tAZAjAs. 


Os'lAs 


FIRST   DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 


There  are  —  37s  and  ?  more  in  seven. 
3  nuts  +  3  nuts  +  1  nut  =  ?  nuts. 


There  are  —  2's  and  ?  more  in  seven. 
2  nuts  +  2  nuts  +  2  nuts  +  1  nut  =  ?  nuts. 


There  is  one  4  and  ?  more  in  seven. 
4  nuts  +  ?  nuts  =  7  nuts. 


There  is  one  5  and  ?  more  in  seven. 
5  nuts  +  ?  nuts  =  7  nuts. 


47 


There  is  one  6  and  ?  more  in  seven. 
6  nuts  4-  1  nut  =  ?  nuts. 


48 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


7  books. 
7     ^6N>^. 


6  books.  5  books.  4  books. 

7   $^oJk&,  ayuo   ?  ^ruD^iye/  tA^ayriy    6 

7    $ucpoJe&   a/uo   ?   'Trvo^'tyO   trujyw^   3 

7    fpo^e-feA/   a/uo   ?  •  nroo^L^   tfvowv    I 

7   &*po&6s  Os;iyO   ?  msOAsO  tfix2/ru  2 

7   S^ooJi^  a/Ms   ?   rrh(My&   tAa/n,   S 
6  books  are  ?  less  than  7  books. 
5  books  are  ?  less  than  7  books. 

1  book  is  ?  less  than  7  books. 

2  books  are  ?  less  than  7  books. 
4  books  are  ?  less  than  7  books. 

3  books  are  ?  less  than  7  books. 


3  books. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  19 

Seven  is  —  more  than  six. 
Seven  is  —  more  than  four. 
Seven  is  —  more  than  two. 
Seven  is  —  more  than  three. 
Seven  is  —  more  than  one. 
Seven  is  —  more  than  five. 

Six  is  —  less  than  seven. 
One  is  —  less  than  seven. 
Four  is  —  less  than  seven. 
Five  is  —  less  than  seven. 
Three  is  —  less  than  seven. 
Two  is  —  less  than  seven. 

7  is  2  more  than  ? 
7  is  4  more  than  ? 
7  is  6  more  than  ? 
7  is  1  more  than  ? 
7  is  3  more  than  ? 
7  is  5  more  than  ? 

6  is  ?  less  than  7.  1  is  ?  less  than  7. 

2  is  ?  less  than  7.  3  is  ?  less  than  7. 

4  is  ?  less  than  7.  5  is  ?  less  than  7. 


50 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


One-seventh  of  7  cups  is  —  cup. 
\  of  7  cups  =  —  cup. 

Two-sevenths  of  7  cups  are  —  cups. 
f  of  7  cups  =  —  cups. 

Six-sevenths  of  7  cups  are  —  cups. 
f  of  7  cups  =  —  cups. 

Five-sevenths  of  7  cups  are  —  cups. 
\  of  7  cups  =  —  cups. 

Three-sevenths  of  7  cups  are  —  cups. 
f  of  7  cups  =  —  cups. 

Four-sevenths  of  7  cups  are  —  cups, 
f  of  7  cups  =  —  cups. 


\  of  7  =  ? 

\  of  7  =  ? 


?  is  i  of  7. 
?  is  f  of  7, 


1  is  i  of  ? 
?  is  }  of  7. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  51 

Charles  had  3  nuts  and  finds  4  nuts.     Charles  has 

—  nuts  ;  because  — . 

Paul  had  7  nuts  and  lost  5  nuts.     Paul  has  — 
nuts ;  because . 

Charles  finds  7  eggs  and  breaks  \  of  them.    Charles 
breaks  —  egg ;  because . 

Clara  had   7  cups  and  breaks  f  of  them.     Clara 
breaks  —  cups ;  because . 

John  had  7  books  and  sells  f  of  them.     John  sells 

—  books ;  because . 

Ned  gathered  4  baskets  of  walnuts  and  3  baskets  of 
chestnuts.     Ned  gathered  —  baskets  of  nuts ;  because 

Nell  has  found  7  apples.     Four-sevenths  of  them 
are  red  apples.     Nell  has  found  —  red  apples ;  because 

John  has   made  5  snowballs.     Ned   has   made  2 
snowballs.     The  boys  have  made  —  snowballs;  because 


52 


FIRST  DAYS   IN   NUMBER 


8  =  Eight     eight  =  VIII 


7  +?  =  8 

4  -f  ?  =  8 

1  +  ?  =  8 

3  +  ?  =  8 

6  +  ?  =  8 

2  +  ?  =  8 

5  +  ?  =  8 


?  +  7  =  8 

?  +  2  =  8 
?  +  1  =  8 
?  +  4  =  8 
?  +  5  =  8 
?  +  3  =  8 
?  +  6  =  8 


8-1  =? 

8  -  3  =  ? 

8-6  =  ? 

8-4  =  ? 

8- 2  =  ? 

8-  7  =? 

8-5  =  ? 


8-?  =  4 

8-?  =  1 

8-?  =  3 

8-?  =  2 

8-?  =  7 

8-?  =  6 

8-?  =  5 


£hAaI&>  i/yv  tAo  h^xiAy  Put*/.      JA^  cAvl- 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  68 

1  nest  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

4  nests  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

2  nests  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

6  nests  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

3  nests  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

5  nests  +  ?  nests  =  8  nests. 

7  nests  +  1  nest  =  ?  nests. 

?  eggs  +  5  eggs  =  8  eggs. 
?  eggs  +  3  eggs  =  8  eggs. 
?  eggs  +  6  eggs  =  8  eggs. 
?  birds  +  2  birds  =  8  birds. 
?  birds  +  4  birds  =  8  birds. 
?  birds  +  1  bird  =  8  birds. 

8  nests  —  5  nests  =  ?  nests. 
8  eggs  —  1  egg  =  ?  eggs. 

8  birds  —  4  birds  =  ?  birds. 
8  eggs  —  3  eggs  =  ?  eggs. 
8  nests  —  2  nests  =  ?  nests. 
8  birds  —  6  birds  =  ?  birds. 
8  eggs  -  ?  eggs  =  1  egg. 


64  FIRST   DAYS   IN"   NUMBER. 


There  are  —  4's  in  eidit. 


&' 


oo  oo  oo  oo 

There  are  —  2's  in  eight. 


ooo  ooo  oo 

There  are  —  3's  and  —  more  in  eight. 

ooooo  ooo 

There  is  one  5  and  —  more  in  eight. 

JftiAAses  iA>  censes  £  a/rut  —  nwsOAAy  i/n, 

ooopooo  o 

There  is  one  7  and  -   -  more  in  eiffht. 

OOOOOO    OO 

There  is  one  6  and  -    -  more  in  eight. 


FIRST  DAYS  W  NUMBER.  65 

n'rinm 

nana 


8  squares. 


ODD      nnnDD      _ 

DDDDHroDDDB 

7  squares.  6  squares.         5  squares.   4  squares. 

<T  Mj/UxaAyt/)/  aAh  ?  otvoAsO  tfvouwy    7  trf/u<6iA<t>&>. 

<f  6sCj/wa/uAs   aAsO  ?  'moA/O  tAcoriy  <2  bq/wa/utA,. 

f  6sq/waA'£As  a/uo  ?  Ws0^y&  trua/n,   4  &q/ivaAyt&. 

&  6sCj/wa/uo6/   aAA/  ?  noosO^^  lyri<a/ns    S  ^q/UsaAse^. 

<T  ^cjaasOAsZA/   aAsO  ?  myO^iAs  ttva/rb   3  bsq/waAst^s. 

f  6sq/waA£As.  aA^y  ?  rruoAAy  tfiayrv    J  &q/waAses. 

<f  &qAAAMy€As   aAA/  ?-rrooAyO  tfva/ris   5  6aiajxjAaa>. 

7  is  ?  less  than  8.  4  is  ?  less  than  8. 

6  is  ?  less  than  8.  1  is  ?  less  than  8. 

5  is  ?  less  than  8.  3  is  ?  less  than  8. 


56  FIRST    DAYS   IN    NUMBER. 

Eight  is more  than  six. 

Eight  is  —  more  than  seven. 
Eidit  is  —  more  than  four. 
Eight  is  —  more  than  two. 


Eight  is  —  more  than  three. 
Eight  is  —  more  than  one. 
Eight  is  —  more  than  live. 
Eight  is  —  more  than  naught. 


Seven  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Four  is  —  less  than  eight. 
One  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Five  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Three  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Two  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Six  is  —  less  than  eight. 
Naught  is  —  less  than  eight. 


Two  nests  are  —  less  than  eight  nests. 
One  bird  is  — 'less  than  eight  birds. 
Five  trees  are  —  less  than  eight  trees. 
Six  eggs  are  —  less  than  eight  eggs. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  5? 


One-half  of  8  triangles  is  —  triangles. 
\  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 

Two-halves  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
J-  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 

AA    AA    AA    AA 

One-fourth  of  8  triangles  is  —  triangles, 
i  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 

Two-fourths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
1  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 

Four-fourths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
f  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 

Three-fourths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles, 
f  of  8  triangles  =  ?  triangles. 


68  FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

One-eighth  of  8  triangles  is  —  triangle. 
i  of  8  triangles  =  — •  triangle. 

Three-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles, 
f  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Five-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
-§-  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Four-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
■J  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Two-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
f  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Six-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles, 
f  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Eight-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
f  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 

Seven-eighths  of  8  triangles  are  —  triangles. 
-J  of  8  triangles  =  —  triangles. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.    » 


59 


□ 


DDD 


OO  OO  OO  OO 

4  squares  x  ?  =  8  squares. 
2  circles  x  ?  =  8  circles. 


4  +  4  =  ? 

4x  ?  =3 


2+2+2+2=? 
2  x  ?  =8 


-J  of  8  squares  =  ?  squares. 
■J  of  8  squares  =  ?  squares. 


8-^2  =  ? 
8-t-4  =  ? 


\  of  8  =  ? 
J  of  8  =  ? 


1  square  x  ?  =  8  squares. 
8  squares  x  ?  =  8  squares. 
8  squares  -r  ?  =  1  square. 
8  squares  -r  ?  =  8  squares. 


8  x  ?  =  8 
1  x?  =  8 


8-=-?  =  1 

8-r?  =8 


60  FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 

Helen  had  7  cents  and  earned  1  cent.     Helen  has 

—  cents  ;  because . 

John  had  8  cents  and  spent  3  cents.  John  has  — 
cents  ;  because . 

Clara  had  8  cents  and  gave  Helen  J  of  them.  Helen 
has  —  cents  ;  because . 

John  had  8  cents  and  spent  -J-  of  them.     John  spent 

—  cents  ;  because . 

Helen  has  4  cents.  Clara  has  2  times  as  many. 
Clara  has  —  cents  ;  because . 

Clara  had  8  cents  and  spent  -J  of  them.     Clara  spent 

—  cents ;  because . 

Doris  has  8  flowers.  One-half  of  them  are  roses. 
Doris  has  —  roses  ;  because . 

Helen  has  found  8  leaves.  One-fourth  of  them  are 
yellow  leaves.  Helen  has  found  —  yellow  leaves ; 
because . 

Ralph  has  gathered  8  baskets  of  nuts.  Two-fourths 
of  them  are  chestnuts.  Ralph  has  —  baskets  of  chest- 
nuts ;  because . 


FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


61 


OdyOAy 


corner  corners  edge 

One  triangle  has  —  corners. 
Three  triangles  have  —  corners. 

One  triangle  has  —  edges. 
Two  triangles  have  —  edges. 

One  triangle  has  —  edges. 
Four  triangles  have  —  edges. 

One  square  has  —  corners. 
Two  squares  have  —  corners. 

One  square  has  —  edges. 
Three  squares  have  —  edges. 

One  square  has  —  corners. 
Four  squares  have  —  corners. 

One  square  has  —  corners. 
Five  squares  have  —  corners. 


edges 


t^cLa^tA 


62 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


9  ==  Nine     nine  =  IX 


8  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  l  =  9 

9-  1  =  ? 

9-?  =  4 

4  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  7  =  9 

9-  6  =  ? 

9-?  =  7 

6+?  =  9 

?  +  3  =  9 

9-  5  =  ? 

9-?  =  1 

2  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  5  =  9 

9-2  =  ? 

9-?  =  2 

3  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  0  =  9 

9-4  =  ? 

9-?  =  5 

0  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  6  =  9 

9-0  =  ? 

9-?  =  3 

1  +  ?  =  9 

?  +  4  =  9 

9- 3  =  ? 

9-?  =  9 

5  +  ?  =9 

?  +  8  =  9 

.  9-8  =  ? 

9-?  =  8 

7  +  ?  -9 

?  +  2  =  9 

9-  7  =  ? 

9-?  =  6 

FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  63 


4  3-aA^tZ^  +  ?  &oaJUZ&  =  q  3-oaAcZ6/. 

2  JMZAAeJAs  +  ?  JtaAsliotAs  =  q  &aAAeZ6/. 
7   {nzAJhtt^  +   ?  £waJUZ6s  =  q  &<mJUJa,. 

3  JMZ/6/ibtJAs  +   ?  3~cudbeZ6s  =  q  3-cu^eZ^. 
/   i^xAAeZ  +   ?  fkiAA&tb,  -  q  baAJktJAs. 

5  $-aA&tZ6s  +  ?  i^uJe^Z^  =  q  ImzaJUJAs. 
S   S^uJ^tZ^  +  ?  &aAJbeX&>  =  q  {mzaAcZa-. 


q  tvix^ru^c^y^   —    7   t^layrujsttAs   =   ? 

q    CdAxdty^    -     4    OtAA>£eA>    =    ?    C4AX>(^A^. 

q  &€jAoaAs€/&   —  2  6^/uxiAyt^   =   ?  &<q/wa/;iA^. 

q  tUxzsruzSeAs   —    6   tUAZ-rTygJs^   =   ?  tUAzm*i£o£k. 

q    b^fyUXMAAs    —     J    6sCj/WaA£s    —    ?    6A2/UMAAA>. 

?  nests  +  1  nest  =  9  nests. 
?  eggs  +  4  eggs  =  9  eggs. 
?  birds  +  3  birds  =  9  birds. 
?  leaves  +  5  leaves  =  9  leaves. 
?  violets  +  7  violets  —  9  violets. 


64  FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 

9  peaches  —  4  peaches  =  ?  peaches. 
9  apples  —  3  apples  ==  ?  apples. 
9  cherries  —  7  cherries  =  ?  cherries. 
9  grapes  —  6  grapes  =  ?  grapes. 
9  pears  —  1  pear  =  ?  pears. 
9  oranges  —  2  oranges  =  ?  oranges. 
9  lemons  —  5  lemons  =  ?  lemons. 
9  nuts  —  ?  nuts  =  1  nut. 

9  flags  —  ?  flags  =  1  flag. 
9  kites  —  ?  kites  =  7  kites. 
9  books  —  ?  books  =  4  books. 
9  balls  —  ?  balls  =  3  balls. 
9  drums  —  ?  drums  =  2  drums. 
9  fans  —  ?  fans  =  6  fans. 
9  tops  —  ?  tops  =  5  tops. 
9  tents  —  1  tent  =  ?  tents. 


4  pears 

2  nuts 

1  grape 

3  pears 

4  nuts 

4  grapes 

?  pears 

?  nuts 

?  grapes 

9  pears  9  nuts  9  grapes 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


65 


3  GOQ 


There  are  —  3's  in  nine. 


There  are  —  2's  and  —  more  in  nine. 


There  are  —  4's  and  —  more  in  nine. 


There  is  one  5  and  —  more  in  nine. 


There  is  one  7  and  —  more  in  nine. 


There  is  one  6  and  —  more  in  nine. 


There  is  one  8  and  —  more  in  nine. 


66 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


9  spheres. 


8  spheres.         7  spheres.  6  spheres.  5  spheres. 

cj  ^AiJiaa^As  aAsO  ?  wio^yey  tAasru    /  6AUveA4/. 

cj  6JvfvtAAs6s  a/isO  ?  nnaxpt^/  tha/ris   3  6AiJuAAs6s. 

cj  &hJvt/ues6s  a/ut>  ?  rnx^oo  ttva/w  <2  6AiA*A4As. 

cj  frhJueAtAs  a/ist-  ?  rnxMsO  tfia/w  S  6AUveA4s6/. 

8  spheres  are  ?  less  than  9  spheres. 

6  spheres  are  ?  less  than  9  spheres. 
5  spheres  are  ?  less  than  9  spheres. 

7  spheres  are  ?  less  than  9  spheres. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


67 


Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  eight. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  two. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  six. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  four. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  one. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  three. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  seven. 

Nine  is  - 

—  more  than  five. 

Eight  is  - 

—  less  than  nine. 

Six  is  — 

-  less  than  nine. 

Four  is  - 

—  less  than  nine. 

Two  is  — 

-less  than  nine. 

One  is  — 

-  less  than  nine. 

Three  is 

—  less  than  nine. 

Five  is  — 

—  less  than  nine. 

Seven  is 

—  less  than  nine. 

3  cubes 

4  cubes 

2  cubes 

3  cubes 

4  cubes 

2  cubes 

?  cubes 

1  cube 

?  cubes 

9  cubes 


?  cubes 


9  cubes 


68 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


'^^X     /^P 


One-third  of  9  spheres  is  —  spheres. 
■J-  of  9  spheres  =  ?  spheres. 

Two-thirds  of  9  spheres  are  —  spheres. 
§  of  9  spheres  =  ?  spheres. 

One-third  of  nine  cubes  is  —  cubes, 
i  of  9  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 

Three-thirds  of  9  cubes  are  —  cubes. 
-|  of  9  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 

One-third  of  nine  cylinders  is  —  cylinders. 
%  of  9  cylinders  =  ?  cylinders. 

Two-thirds  of  9  cylinders  are  —  cylinders, 
f  of  9  cylinders  ==  ?  cylinders. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 


69 


One-ninth  of  9  cylinders  is  —  cylinder. 


of  9  cylinders 


cylinder. 


Three-ninths  of  9  cylinders  are  —  cylinders, 
f  of  9  cylinders  =  —  cylinders, 

Six-ninths  of  9  cylinders  are  —  cylinders. 
-§-  of  9  cylinders  =  —  cylinders. 

Nine-ninths  of  9  cylinders  are  —  cylinders. 
|-  of  9  cylinders  =  —  cylinders. 

Five-ninths  of  9  cylinders  are  —  cylinders, 
f  of  9  cylinders  =  —  cylinders. 


1  is  %  of  9. 

2  is  'J  of  9. 


1  is  ^  of  9. 
4  is  |  of  9. 


1  is  i  of  9. 

8  is  |  of  9. 


1  is  i  of  9. 

?  is  |  of  9. 


1  is  -J-  of  9, 
?  is  I  of  9, 


1  is  i  of  9. 
?  is  4  of  9. 


70 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


s — a  .x- — a  ^    a  ^ 


3  spheres  x  ?  =  9  spheres. 
1  cube  x  ?  =  9  cubes. 


3  x  ?  =  9 

?  x  3  =  9 

lx?  =  9 

?  x  9  =  9 

i  of  9  spheres  = 

—  spheres. 

\  of  9  cubes  =  — 

-  cube. 

9  +  3  =  ? 

i  of  9  =  ? 

9*9=? 

i  of  9  =  ? 

9-r    1=? 

|  of  9  =  ? 

9  spheres  +  3  =  ?  spheres. 
9  cubes  -T-  1  =  ?  cubes. 
9  spheres  -r  ?  =  1  sphere. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  71 

Helen  had  6  pansies.  She  finds  3  pansies.  Helen 
has  —  pansies  ;  because . 

Clara  had  9  roses.  She  lost  4  roses.  Clara  has  — 
roses ;  because . 

John  had  9  violets.  He  gave  -J  of  them  to  Helen. 
Helen  has  —  violets ;  because . 

Nell  had  9  pinks.  She  gave  |  of  them  to  John. 
John  has  —  pinks ;  because . 

May  has  3  roses.  John  has  3  times  as  many  roses. 
John  has  —  roses ;  because . 

One  rose  costs  1  cent.  Nine  roses  cost  —  cents ; 
because — . 

Ruth  has  found  4  violets  in  the  woods  and  5 
daisies  in  the  field.  Kuth  lias  tound  - —  flowers; 
because . 

Clara  has  gathered  9  roses.  One-third  of  them  are 
red  roses.     Clara  has  gathered  —  red  roses;   because 


72 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


10  =  Ten     ten  =  X 

Jtms    torb 


9  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    1  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    3 

4  +  ?  =  10 

10-    4  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    9 

7  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    7  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =  10 

1  +  ?  =  10 

10-    6  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    1 

6  +  ?  =  10 

10-    8  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    2 

8  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    2  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    5 

3  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    3  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    6 

10  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    5  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    4 

2  +  ?  =  10 

10  -    9  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    7 

5  +  ?  =  10 

10  -  10  =  ? 

10  -  ?  =    8 

£Z  S^AZt^^li^w  {uyhyfvt^oL  tho  A*P7ve/Us 

poo-rro  6s<y%/ 

Ii£its6/     OyTudy 

louAs  faj/n&&. 

JA^    iHAytZtA^iAJy    6Ayj^AUydy    tAts    ^APTl/C^M 

iAx^yro  —  / 

UMAMAsA/. 

FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


73 


9  squares  +  1  square  ==  ?  squares. 

4  triangles  +  ?  triangles  =  10  triangles. 

5  cubes  +  ?  cubes  =  10  cubes. 

7  spheres  +  ?  spheres  =  10  spheres. 

8  cylinders  +  ?  cylinders  =  10  cylinders 
3  cubes  +  ?  cubes  =  10  cubes. 

1  circle  +  ?  circles  =  10  circles. 

2  squares  +  ?  squares  =  10  squares. 

6  cubes  +  ?  cubes  =  10  cubes. 

?  violets  +  6  violets  =  10  violets. 

?  roses  +  2  roses  =  10  roses. 

?  pansies  +  5  pansies  =  10  pansies. 

?  daisies  +  4  daisies  =  10  daisies. 

?  leaves  +  1  leaf  =  10  leaves. 

?  roses  +  3  roses  =  10  roses. 

?  pansies  +  7  pansies  =  10  pansies. 

?  violets  +  8  violets  =  10  violets. 

1  daisy  +  ?  daisies  =  10  daisies. 


1  leaves 

?  leaves 

10  leaves 


4  pansies 

?  pansies 

10  pansies 


2  violets 

?  violets 

10  violets 


74 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


10  apples  —  1  apple  =  ?  apples. 

10  cherries  —  5  cherries  =  ?  cherries. 

10  pears  —  4  pears  =  ?  pears. 

10  oranges  —  7  oranges  =  ?  oranges. 

10  lemons  —  2  lemons  =  ?  lemons. 

10  peaches  —  6  peaches  =  ?  peaches. 

10  grapes  —  3  grapes  =  ?  grapes. 

10  nnts  —  8  nuts  =  ?  nuts. 

10  cherries  —  ?  cherries  =  1  cherry. 

10  tents  —  1  tent  =  ?  tents. 
10  flags  —  ?  flags  =  2  flags. 
10  drums  —  ?  drums  =  5  drums. 
10  kites  —  ?  kites  =  7  kites. 
10  balls  —  ?  balls  =  1  ball. 
10  tops  —  ?  tops  =  4  tops. 
10  books  —  ?  books  =  8  books. 
10  fans  —  ?  fans  =  3  fans. 
10  drums  — ■  ?  drums  =  6  drums. 


10  grapes 

-  2  grapes 

?  grapes 


10  cherries 

—  4  cherries 

?  cherries 


10  pears 

—  7  pears 
?  pears 


FIRST   DAYS   IN  NUMBER.  75 

There  are  —  5's  in  ten. 

JA<eA<o  aA^y  —  &'&>  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  are  —  4's  and  —  more  in  ten. 
JrveA^  a/uo  —  4'6s  amsd>  —  wi/yve^  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  are  —  3's  and  —  more  in  ten. 

JA^/vo  cvve,  —   3' 6,  a/yvct  —  nrvcMAy  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  are  —  2's  in  ten. 
Jfvt/ve,  aA^s  —  2'6s  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  is  one  6  and  —  more  in  ten. 
JAtAAs  (A>  orve^   6   a/yvct  —  rnxpi^y  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  is  one  8  and  —  more  in  ten. 

J  he/Ms  iA>  orvo  <f  ayrvdy  —  rvvo~tes  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  is  one  9  and  —  more  in  ten. 
Jrveyvt>  iA>  osyvo   q  a/rvoL  —  moM/  i/yv  te/yv. 

There  are  —  l's  in  ten. 
Jrvt/vts  aAAs  —    r&  vrv  tew. 


76 


FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


Je/w  dyoXlayiA^  ayisC/  —  rrvo^Uy  ttvasris  6ytyv-eyyv 


J?/ny   dxM%a/iA'   a/L&   —    rno'oo    tAa/rv   noA/yvt 


mxMAs    tfva/Yv    li/iM/ 


WyOAAs    truisrb    tuM^ 


rnx^oo    ttvouw    o^rv^ 


do-ilaAA. 
J  €/n<    cLowaAAy    a/Uy 


dyoM^iAA-. 


Jty?h    d>aMasiA/    a/be- 
dolla/iy^. 


nnnyO^iyey   tnxz/vv   louAs 


rnx^u^  tAsa/Ws   tfi/uo& 


'WVOAAs    tfvOyrb    £4AzAfc 


rrvoAyO     tfvOyTb     64/^ 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  77 

Ten  is  —  more  than  nine. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  six. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  one. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  five. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  seven. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  two. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  four. 
Ten  is  - —  more  than  three. 
Ten  is  — -  more  than  eight. 
Ten  is  —  more  than  naught. 


Nine  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Seven  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Four  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Two  is  —  less  than  ten. 
One  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Three  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Five  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Six  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Eight  is  —  less  than  ten. 
Naught  is  —  less  than  ten. 


78  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

Helen  has  ten  flowers. 

Dorothy  has  five  roses. 
Mary  has  one  lily. 
Doris  has  three  pansies. 
Ruth  has  seven  violets. 
Agnes  has  nine  daisies. 

Helen  has  —  flowers  more  than  Dorothy. 
Helen  has  —  flowers  more  than  Ruth. 
Helen  has  —  flowers  more  than  Doris. 
Helen  has  —  flowers  more  than  Mary. 
Helen  has  —  flower  more  than  Agnes. 

Agnes  has  —  flower  less  than  Helen. 
Dorothy  has  —  flowers  less  than  Helen. 
Ruth  has  —  flowers  less  than  Helen. 
Mary  has  —  flowers  less  than  Helen. 

Dorothy  and  Mary  have  —  flowers. 
Doris  and  Ruth  have  —  flowers. 
Dorothy  and  Doris  have  —  flowers. 
Mary  and  Agnes  have  —  flowers. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


79 


S     3S 


One-half  of  10  cubes  is  ?  cubes, 
i  of  10  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 


Two-halves  of  10  cubes  are  ?  cubes, 
•f  of  10  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 


One-fifth  of  10  cubes  is  ?  cubes. 
^  of  10  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 


Three-fifths  of  10  cubes  are  ?  cubes, 
f  of  10  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 


Two-fifths  of  10  cubes  are  ?  cubes, 
J-  of  10  cubes  =  ?  cubes. 


?  is  I  of  10. 
?  is  I  of  10. 


?  is  f  of  10. 

?  is  f  of  10. 


?  is  i  of  10, 
?  is  f  of  10. 


80  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

One-tenth  of  ten  circles  is  —  circle. 
3^  of  10  circles  =  —  circle. 

Five-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
-j^o  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Two-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
^  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Four-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
jjfi  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Six-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
^  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Ten-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
i-jf  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Three-tenths  of  ten  circles  are  —  circles. 
y\  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Seven-tenths  of  10  circles  are  —  circles. 
T7¥  of  10  circles  =  —  circles. 

Eight-tenths  of  10  circles  are  —  circles. 
jSq  of  10  circles  =  - —  circles, 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


81 


5  cylinders  x  ?  =  10  cylinders. 
2  spheres  x  ?  =  10  spheres. 


5  x  ?  =  10 
1  X  ?  =  10 


?  x    5  =  10 
?  x  10  =  10 


J  of  10  cylinders  =  ?  cylinders. 
^  of  10  spheres  =  ?  spheres. 


10- 

-    2 

=  ? 

10- 

-    5 

=  ? 

10- 

p  10 

=  ? 

i-  of  10=? 

\  of  10  =  ? 

fr  of  10  =  ? 


10  cylinders  4-  2  =  ?  cylinders. 
10  spheres  ~  5  =  ?  spheres. 
10  spheres  h-  1  =  ?  spheres. 
10  spheres  -r-  ?  =  1  sphere. 


82  FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

John    had    $5    and    earned    $5.     John   has   — ; 
because . 

Clara   had    $10   and    spent   $6,     Clara   has   — ; 
because . 

Helen  had  $  10.    She  spent  \  of  her  money.    Helen 
spent  — ;  because . 

Nell  has  $2  and  May  has  5  times  as  much  money. 
May  has  — ;  because . 

Ned  had  $  10.     He  spent  ^  of  his  money.     Ned 
spent  — ;  because . 

Tom  had  $  10.     He  spent  f-  of  his  money.     Tom 
spent  — ;  because . 

Mary  bought  5  books  this  morning.     She  paid  $2 
for  each  book.     Mary  paid  —  for  her  books ;  because 


Harry  paid  $  10  for  a  tent.     He  sold  the  tent  for 
8.     Harry  lost  — ;  because . 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  83 

REVIEW. 

2  and  1,  4,  2,  6,  5.  8  less  1,  6,  7,  5,  4. 
5  and  2,  5,  4,  0,  1.                               10  less  5,  1,  4,  7,  6. 

1  and  9,  6,  8,  7,  4.  9  less  3,  9,  7,  2,  4. 
4  and  2,  5,  6,  3,  1.  6  less  5,  0,  3,  1,  4. 

3  and  7,  5,  2,  0,  3.  7  less  7,  2,  5,  4,  3 

i  of  2,  4,  6,  8,  10.  J  of  4,  8,  1. 

i  of  9,  3,  6,  1.  i  of  1,  10,  5. 

2  leaves  x  2,  3,  5.  10  leaves  -r-  2,  5,  1. 

3  daisies  x  2,  1,  3.  8  oranges  -h  1,  4,  2. 

One  pansy  has  —  petals.     Two  pansies  have  — 
petals.      One  pansy  has  —  stem.      Four  pansies  have 

—  stems. 

One  triangle  has  —  corners.     Two  triangles  have 

—  corners.     Three  triangles  have  —  corners. 

One  square  has  —  edges.     Two  squares  have  — 
edges.     One  square  has  —  corners.     Two  squares  have 

—  corners. 


84 


FIRST   DAYS  IN 

NUMBER. 

1 

=  One 

one      =  I 

Qyyvo 

v-nosO 

2    : 

=  Two 

two      =  II 

Jump 

ti4M> 

3 

=  Three 

three   =  III 

J^lAytyty 

triAse^ 

4 

=  Four 

four     =  IV 

<J(MAAs 

loaAs 

5 

=  Five 

live      =  Y 

JiAM/ 

U/lMs 

6 

=  Six 

six       =  VI 

jJisZ/ 

d^ 

7 

—  Seven 

seven  =  VII 

jJfxtMyyv 

M/lM/TO 

8 

=  Eight 

eight    =  VIII 

£yU2yflt 

tAXlJlt 

9 

=  Nine 

nine     =  IX 

/li/n&> 

naAyrUy 

10 

=  Ten 

ten       =  X 

J  oru 

toro 

FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  85 

/  2       3  4  £      6  7  <T  q  io 

//  12     13  14  1£    Ih  n  IF  /<?  ^0 

21  22    23  24  2£   2b  27  2f  2q  30 

31  32     33  34  3£    36  37  38*  Sq  40 

41  42    43  44  4£    46  47  4f  4q  SO 

£1  £2    £3  £4  ££    £6  £7  £<T  £q  60 

6/  62    63  64  6£   66  67  6<r  6q  70 

71  72    73  74  7£    76  77  7^  7q  £0 

<f7  O    8*3  t4  8*£    f6  f7  ff  rq  (70 

q /  (72  73  74  7£  76  77  qr  qq  /oo 


86 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


a/n>cL    — : 


c<M4ynlAxw,  JH&     bZoM     oX 

triAAs    vL&fy  (a>    ^yyvaxi^    oX    — 

a/nds   it  lb  —    v^vcXutA,   la^yvg,. 

Qaa/Is    ywuz-  Cb>    rmx^oU,    oX    — 

J  fit,     wXUfas     6sGl/UA,,       ' '  J3o    pAA/ls&.  ' 

JfitA/t/     aJu&     — -     /iAyd     bst/bi/hye/^    a/nds     — 

i/TL      (PU/^      lloyOs.  lArM     nJy(PVU     ttM     WbO     wXl/U> 

—    bZtiflstA,? 


Note.  —  The  pupil  should  study  a  flag  in  his  own  hand. 


FIRST   DAirS  IN   NUMBER.  87 

11  =  Eleven  eleven  =  XI 

10  +  ?  =  11        ?+    2  =  11  11-    1=?  11-?=    1 

4  +  ?  =  ll        ?  +    1  =  11  11_    7  =  ?  11-?=    7 

2  +  ?  =  ll        ?  +    3  =  11  11-    2  =  ?  11-?=    2 

7  +  ?  =  ll  ?+  4  =  11  11-  8  =  ?  11-?=  8 
9  +  ?  =  ll  ?  +  10  =  ll  11-  3  =  ?  11-?=  3 
6  +  ?  =  ll  ?+  5  =  11  11-  9  =  ?  11-?=  9 
1  +  ?  =  11        ?+    9  =  n  n_    4  =  ?  11-?=    4 

3  +  ?  =  ll        ?+    6  =  11  11-    5  =  ?  11-?=    5 

5  +  ?  =  ll        ?+    8  =  11  11_10  =  ?  11-?=    6 

8  +  ?  =  ll        ?+    7  =  11  11-    6  =  ?  11-?  =  10 

clo^iMAs   if-lo^6x^nu^   a/nd,   iAyo^nv  JasWs    wJiifcts 

'lAAJs  aufcu/mm>  itsa/iMA,.  JAaa^s  lexx/iMAs  u^tA^o 


88  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

11-r      1=?  1    X   ?  =   11 

11  -5--11  =  ?  11   X  ?  =  11 

fj-  Of  11  =  ?  11  H-  ?  =      1 

^  Of  11  =  ?  11  -r  ?  =  11 

(5X2)  +  ?  =  11  Two     5's  +  ?  =  ll 

(3  x  3)  +  ?  =  11  Two     3's  +  ?  =  11 

(1  x  2)  +  ?  =  11  Two     4's  +  ?  =  11 

(2  x  5)  +  ?  =  11  Three  3's  +  ?  =  11 

There  are  —  5's  and  ?  more  in  11. 
There  are  —  3's  and  ?  more  in  11. 
There  are  —  4's  and  ?  more  in  11. 

7htM  JyO-WTbd/    olt^M/rh    6AstM&>    iyTly 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


89 


Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  ten. 

Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  six. 

Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  eight. 

Eleven  i 

ls  —  more  than  four. 

Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  nine. 

Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  five. 

Eleven  j 

s  —  more  than  two. 

Eleven  : 

is  —  more  than  one. 

Eleven  i 

s  —  more  than  three. 

Eleven  i 

ls  —  more  than  seven 

lOi 

ls  ?  less  than  11. 

2: 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

4:1 

ls  ?  less  than  11. 

1 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

9 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

3 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

5 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

6 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

7 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

8i 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

0 

is  ?  less  than  11. 

90  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


12  =  Twelve 

twely 

e  =  X1I 

JtO-zJsV-t/ 

tuMylsV-e/ 

11+?  =  12 

?  +    0  =  12 

12- 

6  =  ? 

12-?=    1 

6  +  ?  =  12 

?+    7  =  12 

12- 

8  =  ? 

12-?=    3 

10  +  ?  =  12 

?+    1  =  12 

12- 

1  =  ? 

12-?=    5 

9  +  ?  =  12 

?+    8  =  12 

12- 

5  =  ? 

12-?=    7 

1  +  ?  =  12 

?+    2  =  12 

12- 

2  =  ? 

12-?=    9 

0  +  ?  =  12 

?+    9  =  12 

12- 

7  =  ? 

12-?  =  11 

2  +  ?  =  12 

?+    3  =  12 

12- 

3  =  ? 

12-?=    0 

4  +  ?  =  12 

?  +  10  =  12 

12- 

9  =  ? 

12-?  =  12 

5  +  ?  =  12 

?+    4  =  12 

12- 

0  =  ? 

12-?  =  10 

3  +  ?  =  12 

?  +  ll  =  12 

12- 

10  =  ? 

12-?=    8 

7  +  ?  =  12 

?+    5  =  12 

12- 

4  =  ? 

12-?=    6 

8  +  ?  =  12 

?  +  12  =  12 

12- 

11  =  ? 

12-?=    4 

12  +  ?  =  12 

?+    6  =  12 

12- 

12  =  ? 

12-?=    2 

iTl/Us     ryvoJJwAs     S^usaAt      tupeJWw/     oaxzA, 


FIRST   DAYS  LN   NUMBER. 


91 


2  leaves  x  ?  =  12  leaves. 
6  buds  x  ?  =  12  buds. 

1  blossom  x  ?  =  12  blossoms. 

3  twigs  x  ?  =  12  twigs. 

4  stems  x  ?  =  12  stems. 


12  is 

—  more  than  10, 

12  is 

—  more  than  6. 

12  is 

—  more  than  11, 

12  is 

—  more  than  5. 

12  is 

—  more  than  1. 

12  is 

—  more  than  8. 

12  seeds  -f-  2  =  ? 
12  flowers  '+  2  =  ? 
12  petals  -T-  6  =  ? 
12  roots  -h  12  =  ? 
12  plants  4-  4  =  ? 

0  is  ?  less  than  12. 

2  is  ?  less  than  12. 
4  is  ?  less  than  12. 

3  is  ?  less  than  12. 
7  is  ?  less  than  12. 
9  is  ?  less  than  12. 


■J- of  12  peanuts  =  ? 
f  of  12  peanuts  =  ? 
\  of  12  walnuts  =  ? 
•f  of  12  walnuts  =  ? 

Two  5's  and  ?  are  12. 
Three  3's  and  ?  are  12. 
One  8  and  ?  are  12. 
Eleven  l's  and  ?  are  12. 
Six  2's  and  ?  are  12. 


\  of  12  chestnuts  = 

f  of  12  chestnuts  = 

j-1^  of  12  chestnuts  = 

1-!  of  12  chestnuts  = 


12  less  (i  of  10)  is  ? 
12  less  (2  x  4)  is  ? 
12  less  (|  of  9)  is  ? 
12  less  (5  x  2)  is  ? 
12  less  (fy  of  12)  is  ? 


92 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


a  CjjJms- 


—  oo^/we/u^.       Jt    nu&   —    ocLa^t^.       Jt    hxzA- 

—  tax>tAy. 

(Jcudv  lax>&   <pl  true,   ouS^   u^   a,   fix/J^cZ 

laxity  ftuMs  —   exixzseAs. 

ocLa^  o£  tfvts  owIm,  aAst>   — .       (JaycA>  z^Lase/  C& 

—  —    lo^nxis.        &    (yPviyTuz-    —    i/WjyfiAAs    loruz- 
uhM  l^ax>fi  aA<MA/vi/cL  tAJA>  ou&o. 

6L  ouJm/  w^M  ru&t   —   iiAt-  Os   u-olH. 


Note.  —  The  pupil  should  examine  a  cube  in  his  own  hands  and  make  his  own 
discoveries. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  93 

13  =  Thirteen     thirteen  =  XIII 

JAdAyUAyro     tAJAZtsOnoy 


12  +  ?  =  13 

?+  1  =  13 

13- 

10  =  ? 

13-?=  2 

10  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  9  =  13 

13- 

1=? 

13-?=  8 

11  +  ?  =  13 

?+  2  =  13 

13- 

7  =  ? 

13-?=  3 

6  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  10  =  13 

13- 

■  2  =  ? 

13-?=  9 

8  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  3  =  13 

13- 

8  =  ? 

13-?=  4 

1  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  ll  =  13 

13- 

9  =  ? 

13-?  =  10 

3  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  4  =  13 

13- 

3  =  ? 

13-?=  5 

5  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  12  =  13 

13- 

12  =  ? 

13-?  =  11 

2  +  ?  =  13 

?+  5  =  13 

13- 

4  =  ? 

13-?=  6 

4  +  ?  =  13 

?+  6  =  13 

13- 

11=? 

13-?  =  12 

7  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  7  =  13 

13- 

■  5  =  ? 

13-?=  7 

9  +  ?  =  13 

?  +  8  =  13 

13- 

6  =  ? 

13-?=  1 

out    ttm-    Pbuzmsa£e&   Jyu^yv    Mwe^ 

fbaJvtAs.       THayu-   cut  —  Puyouri^lo^. 

CbiMX^y  edit   tkd/iJAA/yh  cMscZt&  Jyuoryv  l^d 
cunosd,  ^wtMadAJ-  pxiAvtAA.      Jltsv-inos  oiAcit^  ate. 


94 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


Thirteen  is  —  more  than  ten. 

Thirteen  is  —  more  than  twelve. 

Thirteen  is  —  more  than  nine. 

Thirteen  is  —  more  than  one. 

Thirteen  is  —  more  than  five. 

Thirteen  is  —  more  than  eleven. 

Two  is  —  less  than  thirteen. 

Six  is  — -■  less  than  thirteen. 

Eight  is  — -  less  than  thirteen. 

Four  is  —  less  than  thirteen. 

Three  is  —  less  than  thirteen. 

Seven  is  —  less  than  thirteen. 

13-4- 

1  = 

?        lx?  =  13      TVofl3  =  ?      ? 

13-4- 

13  = 

?       13  x  ?  =  13      A  of  13  =  ?      ? 

Two  6's  +  ?  =  13. 
Two  5's  +  ?  =  13. 
Three  4's  +  ?  =  13. 
Three  3's  +  ?  =  13. 
Four  2's  +  ?  =  13. 
Four  3's  +  ?  =  13. 


(5x2)  +  ?  =  13. 
(4x3)  +  ?  =  13. 
(2x2)  +  ?  =  13. 
(3x4)  +  ?  =  13. 
(3x3)  +  ?  =  13. 
(6x2)  +  ?  =  13. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  95 

14  =  Fourteen  fourteen  =  XIV 

13  +  ?  =  14  ?  +    0=14  14-    2  =  ?  14-?  =  10 

10  +  ?  =  14  ?+    8  =  14  14-10  =  ?  14-?=    8 

1  +  '?  =  14  ?+    1  =  14  14-    3  =  ?  14--?=    1 
12  +  ?  =  14  ?+    9=14  14-11=?  14-?=    9 

2  +  ?  =  14  ?+    2  =  14  14-    4  =  ?  14-?=    2 

14  +  ?  =  14  ?  +  10  =  14  14-12  =  ?  14-?  =  14 

3  +  ?  =  14  ?+    3  =  14  14-    5  =  ?  14-?=    3 

11  +  ?  =  14  ?  +  ll  =  14  14-13  =  ?  14-?  =  13 

4  +  ?  =  14  ?+    4  =  14  14_    6  =  ?  14-?=    4 

8  +  ?  =  14  ?  +  12  =  14  14-14  =  ?  14-?  =  12 

5  +  ?  =  14  ?+    5  =  14  n_    7  =  ?  14-?=    5 

6  +  ?  =  14  ?  +  13  =  14  14-    8  =  ?  14-?  =  11 
7+?  =  14  ?+6  =  14  14-1=?  14-?=    6 

9  +  ?  =  14  ?+    7  =  14  14-    9  =  ?  14-?=    7 


96  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

14  is  ?  more  than  10.  13  is  ?  less  than  14. 

14  is  ?  more  than  7.  2  is  ?  less  than  14. 

14  is  ?  more  than  12.  9  is  ?  less  than  14. 

14  is  ?  more  than  8.  11  is  ?  less  than  14. 

14  is  ?  more  than  3.  4  is  ?  less  than  14. 


Two  6's  +  ?  =  14. 
Two  5's  +  ?  =  14. 
Three  4's  +  ?  =  14. 
Two  7's  +  ?  =  14. 
Five  2's  +  ?  =  14. 

One-half  of  fourteen  is  — . 
One-seventh  of  fourteen  is 
One-fourteenth  of  fourteen  is 


?  is  f  of  14.       —  is  two-sevenths  of  fourteen. 
?  is  ^  of  14.     — -  is  two-fourteenths  of  fourteen. 
?  is  \  of  14.       —  is  two-halves  of  fourteen. 

Four  and  —  5's  are  fourteen. 
Two  and  — -  4's  are  fourteen. 
Five  and  —  3's  are  fourteen. 


(5 

X 

2)  +  ?  =  14. 

(9 

X 

1)  +  ?  =  14. 

(3 

X 

3)  +  ?  =  14. 

(4 

X 

2)  +  ?  =  14. 

(2 

>   — 

X 

7)  +  ?  =  14. 

i  of  14  =  ? 
\  of  14  =  ? 

A  of  14  =  ? 

FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  97 

15  =  Fifteen     fifteen  =  XV 


14  +  ?  =  15       2  +  15  =  15       15-10  =  ?  15-?=    0 

7  +  ?=15       ?  +  14  =  15        15-    6  =  ?  15-?=    9 
1+?  =  15       ?+    0  =  15        15-14  =  ?  15-?=    1 

8  +  ?  =  15       ?  +    1  =  15        15-    5  =  ?  15-?=10 

2  +  ?  =  15       ?  +  13  =  15        15-    7  =  ?  15-?=    3 

9  +  ?  =  15        ?  +    2  =  15        15-    4  =  ?  15-?  =  11 

3  +  ?  =  15        ?  +  12  =  15        15-    8  =  ?  15-?=    4 

10  +  ?  =  15        ?+    3  =  15        15-    3  =  ?  15-?  =  12 

4  +  ?  =  15       ?  +  ll  =  15        15-    9  =  ?  15-?=    5 

11  +  ?  =  15       ?+   4  =  15        15-    2  =  ?  15-?  =  13 

5  +  ?  =  15       ?  +  10  =  15        15-11=?  15-?=    6 

12  +  ?  =  15        ?+    5  =  15        15-    1=?  15-?  =  14 

6  +  ?  =  15       ?+    9  =  15        15-12  =  ?  15-?=    7 
0  +  ?  =  15       ?+    6  =  15        15-    0  =  ?  15-?  =  15 

15  +  ?  =  15       ?+    8  =  15        15-13  =  ?  15-?=    8 

13  +  ?  =  15       ?+    7  =  15       15-15  =  ?  15-?=    2 

Fifteen  is  fourteen  and  — . 
Fifteen  is  ten  and  — . 
Fifteen  is  thirteen  and  — . 


98  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

Fifteen  fish  are  —  more  than  ten  fish. 
Fifteen  birds  are  —  more  than  nine  birds. 
Fifteen  lambs  are  —  more  than  six  lambs. 
Fifteen  rabbits  are  —  more  than  two  rabbits. 
Fifteen  butterflies  are  —  more  than  one  butterfly. 


Twelve  buds  are  - 

—  less  than  fifteen  buds. 

Three  leaves  are  - 

—  less  than  fifteen  leaves. 

Four  seeds  are  — 

-  less  than  fifteen  seeds. 

- 

Five  stems  are  — 

-  less  than  fifteen  stems. 

Seven  twigs  are  - 

—  less  than  fifteen  twigs. 

1 

3 

of  15  =  ?         J  Of  15: 

=  ?        TV  of  15  =  ?        15  - 

-    3 

=  ? 

2 
3 

of  15  =  ?         f  of  15  : 

=  ?        T\  of  15  =  ?        15  - 

-    5 

=  ? 

3 

3 

of  15  =  ?        fofl5: 

=  ?        TV  of  15  =  ?        15  - 

-15 

-? 

3  grapes  x  ?  =  15  grapes.        5  peaches  x  ?  =  15  peaches. 
1  pear  x  ?  =  15  pears.  15  cherries  x  ?  =  15  cherries. 


Harry  has  cut  fifteen  colored  circles.  One-third  of 
them  are  red.     Harry  has  —  red  circles. 

Fred  has  cut  fifteen  colored  squares.  One-fifth  of 
them  are  violet.     Fred  has  —  violet  squares. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  99 

REVIEW. 

Fifteen  is  —  more  than  one,  ten,  six,  two,  nine. 
Five  is  —  less  than  ten,  eight,  twelve,  six,  eleven. 

\  of  10  leaves,  6  dollars,  14  books,  12  cubes,  8  seeds. 

\  of  12  triangles,  9  cylinders,  6  squares,   15  spheres. 

2  birds,  4  nests,  3  eggs,  5  fish,  1  lamb  x  3. 

7  grapes,  5  oranges,  6  pears,  4  cherries,  3  lemons  x  2. 

4  pansies,  12  daisies,  8  roses,  10  violets,  6  lilies  -h  2. 
15  buds,  9  leaves,  12  stems,  6  seeds,  3  flowers  -h  3. 

One-half  of  four  and  one-haF  of  six  is  — . 
One-third  of  nine  and  one-third  of  three  is  — . 
One-half  of  twelve  and  one-third  of  twelve  is  — . 
One-third  of  six  and  one-fourth  of  eight  is  — . 
One-third  of  fifteen  and  one-half  of  ten  is  — . 

(i  of  10)  +  (i  of  12)  =  ?  (i  of  14)  -  (|  of  12)  =  ? 

(iofl5)  +  (iof    9)  =  ?  (i  of  15) -(i  of    9)  =  ? 

(i  of    8)  +  (iofl2)  =  ?  (i  of  12)  -(i  of    8)  =  ? 

(i  of  10)  +  (i  of  15)  =  ?  (J  of  12)  -(i  of    4)  =  ? 


100  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


jJcAooA  jQ^aA. 


cUaA  L6s  /y?va<cUs  oA  —  a/rub  — . 
Jt  i&  a>  nMA/u<  fiA^M/Us  — .  J  (Ustshs  non/iM 
—  amsd>   —   i/w  it. 

J  cams  oou^t  —  fittsCtA  oA>  isUy^n  i/n- 
m/a-     gUaA.       J     oa/yv    li/yvds    —    htex>t^    at 

UMPOCL   i/Vb   it.         J    flltf/LMs    <XM4/nZ€sds    6sCAs£4AJ^ 

a/rut  —  yujuJas  in-  it. 

IfUw  cUs^A  6sta/nsds6s  &n>  —  t^a^.  — 
m^iaaaMs  laAtkyrb  it  to-  tAt>  £ApoAs.  Jhts  lexi^ 
aAsO  /msOsds€s  oA  — . 

J wo  w-tM  io^b  in/ip  imA  i&  msoudso  at 
— .       U  risO  ttds  owAs  it  iA  nrisoutes  at  -r— . 

IfLnM  dststJk  iA-  - — -  Itstst  htaJis.  Jit  ids  — 
isTuoriseAs  io^nsOs.       Jt  i&>  —  iriscAsZAs  wttUs. 

J  w-isll  Ihtseshs  m/Us  cUaA  —  a/rut  — .. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  101 

16  =  Sixteen     sixteen  =  XVI 


15  +  ?: 

=  16 

?+    9  =  16 

16-    1=? 

16-?=    1 

10  +  ?: 

=  16 

?+    1  =  16 

16-15  =  ? 

16-?=    7 

12+?: 

=  16 

?  +  10  =  16 

16-    2  =  ? 

16-?=    2 

11+?.= 

=  16 

?+    2  =  16 

16_14  =  ? 

16-?=    8 

14  +  ?: 

=  16 

?  +  ll  =  16 

16-    3  =  ? 

16-?=    3 

1+?: 

=  16 

?+    3  =  16 

16  _  13  =  ? 

16-?=    9 

4  +  ?: 

=  16 

?  +  12  =  16 

16-    4  =  ? 

16-?=    4 

7+?: 

=  16 

?+    4  =  16 

16_12  =  ? 

16-?=    5 

9  +  ?: 

=  16 

?  +  13  =  16 

16-    5  =  ? 

16-?  =  10 

2  +  ?: 

=  16 

?+    5  =  16 

16_11  =  ? 

16-?=    6 

3  +  ?: 

=  16 

?  +  14=16 

16-    6  =  ? 

16-?  =  11 

5  +  ? 

=  16 

?+    6  =  16 

16_10  =  ? 

16  _  ?  =  14 

6  +  ? 

=  16 

?  +  15  =  16 

16-    7  =  ? 

16-?  =  12 

8  +  ? 

=  16 

?+    7  =  16 

16-    9  =  ? 

16-?  =  15 

13  +  ? 

=  16 

?+    8  =  16 
Eight  and  eight 

16-    8  =  ? 
are  — . 

16-?  =  13 

One-half  of  sixteen  is  — . 

Four  47s  are  — 

•• 

One-fourth  of  sixteen  is  — , 

102 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


16  daisies  •-■  2  =  ?  daisies.       \  of  16  daisies  =  ?  daisies. 
16  pansies  -i-  4  =  ?  pansies.     -J-  of  16  pansies  =  ?  pansies. 
16  roses  ~-  8  =  ?  roses.  ^  of  16  roses  =  ?  roses. 


1 

2 

of  16  =  ?        i  of  16  =  ? 

i  of  16  =  ?        ^  of  16  = 

? 

2 
2 

of  16  =  ?        f  of  16  =  ? 

f  of  16  =  ?        TV  of  16  = 

y 

2  trees  x  ?  =  16  trees. 

—  2's  are  sixteen. 

4  plants  x  ?  =  16  plants. 

—  4's  are  sixteen. 

8  vines  x  ?  =  16  vines. 

—  8's  are  sixteen. 

1  bush  x  ?  =  16  bushes. 

—  1's  are  sixteen. 

2 

x?  =  16         lx?  =  16 

16  +  2  =  ?          16-r    8  = 

? 

4 

x?  =  16         8x?  =  16 

16-^4  =  ?          16  -=-16  = 

? 

Two  7's  and  ?  are  16. 

16  is  1  and  —  5's. 

Three  5's  and  ?  are  16. 

16  is  6  and  —  10. 

Four  4's  and  ?  are  16. 

16  is  2  and  —  7's. 

Five  3's  and  ?  are  16. 

16  is  4  and  —  6's. 

Two  6's  and  ?  are  16. 

16  is  6  and  —  2's. 

16-(5x3)  =  ?         16-(7x2)  =  ? 
16-(6x2)  =  ?         16-(4x4)  =  ? 


16-(3x3)  =  ? 
16-(8x2)  =  ? 


15 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

8 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

10 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

2 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

13 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

1 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

11 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

4 

is  ?  less  than  16. 

FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  103 

16  is  ?  more  than  10. 
16  is  ?  more  than  12. 
16  is  ?  more  than  9. 
16  is  ?  more  than  7. 
16  is  ?  more  than  5. 
16  is  ?  more  than  6. 
16  is  ?  more  than  14. 
16  is  ?  more  than  3. 

Ethel  cut  sixteen  triangles  from  paper.     One-half 
of  them  are  blue.     Ethel  has  —  blue  triangles. 

Hazel  cut  sixteen  circles  from  paper.     One-fourth 
of  them  are  yellow.     Hazel  has  —  yellow  circles. 

Alice  cut  sixteen  squares  from  paper.     One-eighth 
of  them  are  black.     Alice  has  —  black  squares. 

Helen  has  painted  sixteen  flowers.     Three-fourths 
of  them  are  roses.     Helen  has  painted  —  roses. 

Clara  has  painted   sixteen  leaves.     One-fourth   of 
them  are  yellow.     Clara  has  painted  —  yellow  leaves. 


104  FIRST  DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


(X     jJlfiAeAts. 

JfvU>s     ^AtJuaas     i&     ryvouoUs     oX    — .        Jt 

Jt  ftxi&  —  oa^iyyveA^.  Jt  hxzA^  —  odxz^As. 

Jt  AaAs  —  lcuc<es.  Jlvo  i<u>e>  oZ  a> 
b^UveAses  (a>  —  a/rut  — . 

CL    6shAeAyes    umM    —  liAo    cu    &aM.       CI 

)7l/u>  —  id,  iiJbes  as  dfiAtA^.  CI  —  iA> 
liJU/  a,  6sfiAeAses.       JAsty  oaAstA  iA>  IdAo  a>  — . 

Ufh  umM  wuzAo  a>  &jnJvtA^  ol  — .  Jt 
rrvus&t  &&  —  amsct  — ■. 

Note.  —  The  pupil  must  study  a  sphere  in  his  own  hands. 


FIKST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  105 

17  _  Seventeen  seventeen  =  XVII 

16  +  ?  =  17  ?+   -1  =  17'  17-   4  =  7  17-?=   0 

14  +  7  =  17  ?+   3  =  17  17-   6  =  ?  17-?=   6 

10  +  7  =  17  ?+   5  =  17  17-   3  =  ?  17-?=    1 

15  +  ?  =  17  ?  +   2  =  17  17-   7=?  17-?=   7 

11  +  7  =  17  ?+  4=17  17-  2  =  ?  17-?=  2 
1+?  =  17  ?+  8  =  17  17-  0  =  ?  17-?=  8 
6  +  ?  =  17  ?+   6  =  17  17-    1=?  17-?=   3 

2  +  7  =  17  7  +  10  =  17  17-   8  =  7  17-?=   9 
7+?  =  17  7  +  11  =  17  17-   5  =  7  17-7=   4 

3  +  ?  =  17  ?+   7  =  17  17-   9  =  7  17-7  =  10 

8  +  ?  =  17  ?+   9  =  17  17-17=?  17-7=   5 

4  +  7  =  17  7  +  12  =  17  17-10  =  7  17-7  =  11 

9  +  7  =  17  7  +  16  =  17  17-14  =  ?  17-?  =  15 

5  +  ?  =  17  ?  +  13  =  17  17-11=?  17-7  =  12 

12  +  7  =  17  7  +  17  =  17  17-15  =  7  17-?  =  16 
17  +  7  =  17  7  +  14  =  17  17-12  =  7  17-?  =  13 

13  +  ?  =  17  7+   0  =  17  17-16  =  7  17-7=17 
0  +  7  =  17  ?  +  15  =  17  17-13=7  17-?  =  14 


106 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


17  flowers  are  —  more  than  10  flowers. 

17  leaves  are  —  more  than  4  leaves. 

17  buds  are  — ■  more  than  15  buds. 

17  blossoms  are  —  more  than  12  blossoms. 

17  plants  are  —  more  than  9  plants. 


1 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

5  is  ?  less  than  17. 

9 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

10  is  ?  less  than  17. 

2 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

6  is  ?  less  than  17. 

11 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

12  is  ?  less  than  17. 

3 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

7  is  ?  less  than  17 

13 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

14  is  ?  less  than  17 

4 

is  ?  less  than  17. 

8  is  ?  less  than  17 

Two  8's  and  ?  are  17. 
Two  7's  and  ?  are  17. 
Three  5's  and  ?  are  17. 
Four  4's  and  ?  are  17. 


17  is  two  5's  and  ? 
17  is  two  6\s  and  ? 
17  is  two  8's  and  ? 
17  is  two  7's  and  ? 


17_(4x4)  =  ? 
17-(2x5)  =  ? 
17-(2x8)  =  ? 
17-(5x3)  =  ? 


(2x7)  +  ?  =  17 
(8x2)  +  ?  =  17 
(3x4)  +  ?  =  17 
(5x2)  +  ?  =  17 


17 
17 
17 
17 


(£  of  10)  =  ? 
(*of  16)  =  ? 
(i  of  14)  =  ? 

a  of  12) = ? 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  107 

18  =  Eighteen     eighteen  =  XVIII 

0  +  ?  =  18  ?+    1  =  18  18-    6  =  ?  18-?=    0 

5  +  ?  =  18  ?+    6  =  18  18-    1=?  18-?=    6 

1  +  ?  =  18  ?+    0  =  18  18-    7  =  ?  18-?=    1 

6  +  ?  =  18  ?+    2  =  18  18-    2  =  ?  18-?=    7 

8  +  ?  =  18  ?+    7  =  18  18-   8  =  ?  18-?=   2 

2  +  ?  =  18  ?+    3  =  18  18-   0  =  ?  18-?=    8 

7  +  ?  =  18  ?+   8  =  18  18-   3  =  ?  18-?=    3 

9  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  10  =  18  18-   5  =  ?  18-?=    9 

3  +  ?  =  18  ?+   4  =  18  18-    9  =  ?  18-?=    4 

10  +  ?  =  18  ?+    9  =  18  18-    4  =  ?  18-?  =  10 

4  +  ?  =  18  ?+    5  =  18  18-18  =  ?  18-?=    5 

11  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  ll  =  18  18-14  =  ?  18-?  =  11 

15  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  15  =  18  18-10  =  ?  18-?  =  12 

12  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  12  =  18  18-15  =  ?  18-?  =  16 

16  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  16  =  18  18-11=?  18-?  =  13 

13  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  13  =  18  18-16  =  ?  18-?  =  17 
17+?  =  18  ?  +  18  =  18  18-12  =  ?  18-?  =  14 

14  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  14  =  18  18-17  =  ?  18-?  =  18 
18  +  ?  =  18  ?  +  17  =  18  18-13  =  ?  18-?  =  15 


108  FIRST  DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

Eighteen  shells  are  —  more  than  ten  shells. 
Eighteen  pebbles  are  —  more  than  six  pebbles. 
Eighteen  stones  are  —  more  than  one  stone. 
Eighteen  ships  are  —  more  than  four  ships. 


18  is  ?  more  than  10. 
18  is  ?  more  than  9. 
18  is  ?  more  than  12. 
18  is  ?  more  than  17. 
18  is  ?  more  than  5. 
18  is  ?  more  than  2. 
18  is  ?  more  than  8. 
18  is  ?  more  than  13. 


1  is  ?  less  than  18, 
7  is  ?  less  than  18. 

5  is  ?  less  than  18. 
4  is  ?  less  than  18. 

6  is  ?  less  than  18. 
3  is  ?  less  than  18. 

11  is  ?  less  than  18. 
M  is  ?  less  than  18. 


9's  are  18.  —  is  one-half  of  eighteen. 

6's  are  18.  —  is  one-third  of  eighteen. 

2's  are  18.  —  is  one-ninth  of  eighteen. 

3's  are  18.  —  is  one-sixth  of  eighteen. 

l's  are  18.  —  is  one-eighteenth  of  eighteen. 


18-r2  =  ? 

9  x  ?  =  18 
Jof  18  =  ? 


18-^3  =  ? 

6x?  =  18 
i  of  18  =  ? 


18~6  =  ? 

3x?  =  18 

iof  18  =  ? 


18-=-9  =  ? 

2  x  ?  =  18 

fof  18  =  ? 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

109 

I  of  18  =  ? 

£ofl8  =  ?          J:  of  18  =  ? 

\  of  18  =  ? 

*  of  18  =  ? 

fofl8  =  ?         fofl8  =  ? 

f  of  18  =  ? 

18 -(4x4)  =  ?  (8x2)  +  ?  =  18.  18 -ft  of  18)  =  ? 
18  -  (3  x  5)  =  ?  (6  x  3)  +  ?  =  18.  18  -  ft  of  18)  =  ? 
18-(2x7)  =  ?       (4x3)  +  ?  =  18.       18 -ft  of  18)  =  ? 


'/rods    €AA2Jbto£ms    iZ<MAPt4As    Lriy 


110 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 


6L     C^uiWsOUAs. 

A&&    —   llat   lax^A^.       Jt   $va&>   —    owi/iMsd, 
lax>o.       £sOA>ns   llat  laoe,  i&  cu  fveAsloct  — : 
6L    c^utruoUyiy    lva&    —    ouAsV-txIs    tsdxise^. 
£s6ucA   ouA/iMxis  ocLaA/  i&>  a>  jv^oloot  — . 

CL    C^jJtoOxl^As    UMsll    —     liJ&€y     CU 

&  cndM/ricUAy   wtll  —   liAo   a   CsuJm/. 

JIaAs    —    i&,    lUbes    a>    cnM^voUyu, 
—   ib,  liAe>   a   c^wltruteAy. 

JJtZ    uA;    TrvaJbes    a 
(AJt>  upM  ^rvaJbes  it  —   i/nx>lwA>  losyva. 


£AAs. 


7n*. 


Y 


FIRST   DAYS   IN    NUMBER. 


Ill 


19  =  Nineteen     nineteen  =  XIX 


18  +  ?  =  19 
10  +  ?  =  19 

4  +  ?  =  19 

12  +  ?  =  19 

13  +  ?  =  19 

6  +  ?  =  19 

1  +  ?  =  19 
3  +  ?  =  19 

17  +  ?  =  19 

5  +  ?  =  19 

2  +  ?  =  l9 

7  +  ?  =  19 

8  +  ?  =  19 
11+?  =  19 

9  +  ?  =  19 

14  +  ?  =  19 
16  +  ?  =  19 

15  +  ?  =  19 

19  +  ?  =  19 
0  +  ?  =  19 


?+  1  =  19 
?+  8  =  19 
?+  2  =  19 
?+  9  =  19 
?+  3  =  19 
?  +  10  =  19 
?+  4  =  19 
?  +  ll  =  19 
?+  5  =  19 
?  +  12  =  19 
?+  6  =  19 
?  +  13  =  19 
?+  7  =  19 
?  +  14  =  19 
?  +  15  =  19 
?  +  18  =  19 
?  +  16  =  19 
?  +  19  =  19 
?+  0  =  19 
?  +  17  =  19 


19-10  =  ? 
19-  1  =  ? 
19-  8  =  ? 
19-12  =  ? 
19-13  =  ? 
19-  2  =  ? 
19-  6  =  ? 
19_17  =  ? 
19_18  =  ? 
19-14  =  ? 
19-    3  =  ? 

19-15  =  ? 
19_19_? 

19-    4  =  ? 

19-  5  =  ? 
19-  7  =  ? 
19-  9  =  ? 
19-11  =  ? 
19-16  =  ? 
19-    0  =  ? 


19-?=  1 
19-?  =  18 
19-?  =  10 
19-?=  4 
19-?  =  12 
19-?  =  13 
19-?=  6 
19-?  =  15 
19-?=  3 
19-?=17 
19-?=  5 
19-?=  2 
19-?=  7 
19-?=  8 
19-?  =  11 
19-?=  9 
19_?  =  14 

19-?  =  16 
19-?=  0 
19-?  =  19 


112 

FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 

19  +    1  =  ? 

1  x  ?  =  19      jL>  of  19  =  ? 

?  is  ^  of  19. 

19  ^  19  =  ? 

19  x  ?  =  19      TV  of  19  =  ? 

?  is  f|  of  19. 

19  circles  are  —  more  than  10  circles. 
19  squares  are  —  more  than  1  square. 


19  triangles  are 


more  than  15  triangles. 


12  spheres  are  —  less  than  19  spheres. 

13  cylinders  are  —  less  than  19  cylinders. 
17  cubes  are  —  less  than  19  cubes. 


19  is  ?  more  than  10. 
19  is  ?  more  than  18. 
19  is  ?  more  than  5. 
19  is  ?  more  than  13. 
19  is  ?  more  than  1. 

Nineteen  is 
Nineteen  is 
Nineteen  is 

Eleven  is  - 
Sixteen  is  - 
Thirteen  is 


14  is  ?  less  than  19. 
11  is  ?  less  than  19. 

15  is  ?  less  than  19. 
9  is  ?  less  than  19. 

7  is  ?  less  than  19. 


—  more  than  two. 

—  more  than  six. 

—  more  than  eight. 

less  than  nineteen, 
-less  than  nineteen. 

—  less  than  nineteen. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  113 

Two  9's  +  ?  are  nineteen.  (6x3)  +  ?  =  19. 

Four  4's  +  ?  are  nineteen.  (7  x  2)  +  ?  =  19. 

Three  5?s  +  ?  are  nineteen.  (3x3)  +  ?  =  19. 

Two  8's  +  ?  are  nineteen.  (5  x  2)  +  ?  =  19. 

Two  77s  +  ?  are  nineteen.  (4x4)  +  ?  =  19. 

In  nineteen  there  are  —  9's  and  ?  more. 
In  nineteen  there  are  —  5's  and  ?  more. 
In  nineteen  there  are  —  6's  and  ?  more. 
In  nineteen  there  are  —  7's  and  ?  more. 
In  nineteen  there  are  — ■  8's  and  ?  more. 
In  nineteen  there  are  —  4's  and  ?  more. 

Mr.  Smith  spent  nineteen  dollars  for  a  coat  and 
hat.  The  coat  cost  fifteen  dollars.  Mr.  Smith  paid 
—  dollars  for  the  hat. 

Nineteen  children  are  playing  in  the  woods.  Ten 
of  them  are  boys.     —  girls  are  in  the  woods. 

Harry  is  eighteen  years  old.  Fred  is  one  year  older. 
Fred  is  —  years  old. 


114 


FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


flat  face       curved  face 


straight  edge        curved 


edge 


OUAAMxi/  loyC^ 


CAAAy^U^oL  t^La^ 


One  cube  has  —  corners. 
Two  cubes  have  —  corners. 

One  cube  has  —  straight  edges. 
Two  cubes  have  —  straight  edges. 

One  cube  has  —  flat  faces. 
Two  cubes  have  —  flat  faces. 

One  cylinder  has  —  curved  edges. 
Two  cylinders  have  —  curved  edges. 

One  cylinder  has  —  flat  faces. 
Three  cylinders  have  —  flat  faces. 

One  cylinder  has  —  curved  face. 
Two  cylinders  have  —  curved  faces. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  115 

20  =  Twenty     twenty  =  XX 


Uuw/nZnAs 

tw^yTlJxW 

19  +  ? 

=  20 

?  + 19  =  20 

20-19  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    1 

10  +  ? 

=  20 

?  +  10  =  20 

20-10  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    6 

6  +  ? 

=  20 

?+    1  =  20 

20-    1  =  ? 

20- 

-?=   2 

4  +  ?  = 

=  20 

?+    5  =  20 

20-    5  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    7 

1+?: 

=  20 

?  +  18  =  20 

20-18  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    3 

3  +  ?: 

=  20 

?+    9  =  20 

20-    9  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    8 

18  +  ?: 

=  20 

?+    2  =  20 

20-    2  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    4 

2+?: 

=  20 

?+    6  =  20 

20-    6  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    9 

5  +  ?  = 

=  20 

?  +  17  =  20 

20-17  =  ? 

20- 

-?=    5 

7  +  ?: 

=  20 

?+   8  =  20 

20-    8  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  10 

9  +  ?: 

=  20 

?+    3  =  20 

20-    3  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  12 

8  +  ?  = 

=  20 

?  +    7  =  20 

20-    7  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  14 

11+?: 

=  20 

?+   4  =  20 

20-    4  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  16 

17+?  = 

=  20 

?  +  ll  =  20 

20-11  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  18 

14  +  ?: 

=  20 

?  + 13  =  20 

20-13  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  20 

16+?: 

=  20 

?  +  12  =  20 

20-12  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  19 

12+?: 

=  20 

?  +  14  =  20 

20-14  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  17 

13+?: 

=  20 

?  +  16  =  20 

20-16  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  15 

15  +  ? 

=  20 

?  + 15  =  20 

20-15  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  13 

20  +  ? 

=  20 

?  +  20  =  20 

20-20  =  ? 

20- 

-?  =  11 

116  FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

One-half  of  twenty  nuts  is  —  nuts. 
One-fourth  of  twenty  twigs  is  —  twigs. 
One-fifth  of  twenty  seeds  is  —  seeds. 
One-tenth  of  twenty  leaves  is  —  leaves. 


\  of  20  =  ? 

i 

4 

of  20  =  ? 

i 

5 

of  20  = 

?      TV  of  20  =  ? 

f  of  20  =  ? 

2 
4 

of  20  =  ? 

o 

5 

of  20  = 

?      T%  of  20  =  ? 

20- 

-    2  =  ? 

10x?  = 

20 

-  10' s  are  twenty. 

20- 

-    4  =  ? 

4  x  ?  = 

20 

-  4's  are  twenty. 

20- 

-    5  =  ? 

5  x  ?  = 

20 

-  2's  are  twenty. 

20- 

-  10  =  ? 

2  x  ?  = 

20 

-  5's  are  twenty. 

Two  9's  +  ?  =20.  Four  4's  +  ?  =  20. 

Three  6's  +  ?  =  20.  Six  3's  +  ?  =  20. 

Two  7's  +  ?  =20.  Nine  2's  +  ?  =  20. 

Rollin  planted  twenty  seeds  in  his  garden.  One- 
half  of  them  are  beans.     Rollin  planted  —  beans. 

Hugh  planted  twenty  trees  in  the  yard.  One-fifth 
of  them  are  maple  trees.  Hugh  planted  —  maple 
trees. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  117 

Twenty  fans  are  —  more  than  one  fan. 
Twenty  flags  are  —  more  than  five  flags. 
Twenty  tops  are  —  more  than  two  tops. 
Twenty  tents  are  —  more  than  six  tents. 
Twenty  drums  are  —  more  than  three  drums. 
Twenty  leaves  are  —  more  than  seven  leaves. 


Twenty  pansies  are  —  more  than  four  pansies. 
Twenty  roses  are  —  more  than  eight  roses. 
Twenty  daisies  are  —  more  than  thirteen  daisies. 
Twenty  violets  are  —  more  than  nine  violets. 
Twenty  apples  are  —  more  than  fourteen  apples. 
Twenty  peaches  are  —  more  than  ten  peaches. 

Twenty  pears  are  —  more  than  fifteen  pears. 
Twenty  oranges  are  —  more  than  eleven  oranges. 
Twenty  lemons  are  —  more  than  sixteen  lemons. 
Twenty  grapes  are  —  more  than  twelve  grapes. 
Twenty  cherries  are  —  more  than  seventeen  cherries, 
Twenty  flowers  are  —  more  than  nineteen  flowers. 
Twenty  trees  are  —  more  than  eighteen  trees. 


118  FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

REVIEW. 

Twenty  is  —  more  than  ten,  one,  six,  two,  five. 

Ten  is  —  less  than  fifteen,   eleven,   twenty,   sixteen. 

There  are  —  4's  in  eight,  twenty,  sixteen,  twelve,  four. 
There  are  — -  3's  in  nine,  twelve,  six,  three,  fifteen. 

i  of  10,  20,  8,  16,  14.         i  of  16,  8,  12,  20,  4. 
i  of  9,  6,  15,  3,  12.  i  of  20,  5,  10,  15,  1. 

Helen  saw  ten  cherries  on  the  tree  this  morning. 
She  watched  a  robin  eat  one-half  of  them.  The  robin 
ate  —  cherries. 

Rollin  found  fourteen  violets  in  the  woods  and  four 
daisies  in  the  field.     Rollin  found  —  flowers. 

There  were  twenty  chestnuts  on  the  tree  last  night. 
This  morning  one-fourth  of  them  have  fallen  to  the 
ground.     There  are  —  nuts  on  the  ground. 

There  are  six  apple  trees  in  the  orchard.  Hugh 
gathered  two  baskets  of  apples  from  each  tree.  Hugh 
gathered  —  baskets  of  apples. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  119 


hUogJiy  nxzA/  tw^riypw  dtPtZaAAs. 


As. 

Hugh  has  —  dollars  more  than  Rollin. 
Hugh  has  —  dollars  more  than  John. 
Hugh  has  —  dollars  more  than  Frank. 
Hugh  has  —  dollars  more  than  Ralph. 
Hugh  has  —  dollars  more  than  Sidney. 

Eobert  has  —  dollars  less  than  Hugh. 
Rollin  has  —  dollars  less  than  Hugh 
Sidney  has  —  dollars  less  than  Hugh. 
Frank  has  —  dollars  less  than  Hugh. 
Ralph  has  —  dollars  less  than  Hugh. 


120 


FIRST  DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 


REVIEW. 

6  violets 

7  daisies 

3  pansies 

4  pansies 

4  roses 

6  violets 

?  flowers 

? 

4  children 

9  women 

6  men 

2  men 

4  women 

5  children 

9 

? 

7  boys 

9  babies 

3  girls 

4  girls 

6  babies 

6  boys 

? 

? 

4  churches 

7  cows 

3  barns 

2  horses 

5  houses 

10  sheep 

? 

v 

9  cups 

9  walnuts 

9  saucers 

2  peanuts 

2  plates 

7  chestnuts 

? 

? 

FIEST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER, 


121 


10  and  1 

Xand  I 

10  and  2 
X  and  ? 

10  and  3 
X  and  ? 

10  and  4 

X  and  ? 

10  and  5 

X  and  ? 

11 
12 
13 
14 

15 
16 
17 

18 
19 
20 


sll. 

sXI. 

s  12. 
sXII. 

s  13. 
s  XIII. 

sl4. 
sXIV. 

sl5. 

sXV. 

=  Eleven 
=  Twelve 
=  Thirteen 
=  Fourteen 
=  Fifteen 
=  Sixteen 
=  Seventeen 
=  Eighteen 
=  Nineteen 
=  Twenty 


10  and  6  is  16. 

X  and   ?  is  XVI. 

10  and   7  is  17. 

X  and   ?  is  XVIL 

10  and  8  is  18. 

Xand   ?  is  XVIII. 

10  and  9  is  19. 

Xand   ?  is  XIX. 

10  and  10  is  20. 

X  and   ?  is  XX. 


eleven 

twelve 

thirteen 

fourteen 

fifteen 

sixteen 

seventeen 

eighteen 

nineteen 

twenty 


XI 

XII 

XIII 

XIV 

XV 

XVI 

XVII 

XVIII 

XIX 

XX 


122 


FIRST   DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 


violet. 


rose. 


pansy. 


cherry. 


v 


One  violet  has  —  petals. 
Three  violets  have  —  petals. 

One  pansy  has  —  petals. 
Three  pansies  have  — petals. 

One  peach  blossom  has  —  petals. 
Five  peach  blossoms  have  —  petals. 

One  cherry  blossom  has  —  petals. 
Two  cherry  blossoms  have  —  petals. 

One  apple  blossom  has  —  petals. 
Four  apple  blossoms  have  —  petals. 

One  peach  blossom  has  —  petals. 
Three  peach  blossoms  have  —  petals. 

One  wild  rose  has  —  petals. 
Two  wild  roses  have  —  petals. 


peach. 


FIRST    DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  123 


Qyyuy  d/oMaAs  i&>  —  ^Osll-oUMaAA/. 
(OXtvo  dsoHay^  L>6s  —  a/UAsUitesiy6/. 
Ovists  ctoiioy^  iA>  —  dA/mt^s. 
Oyrvey  cLoMa/iy  U*s  —  oorUA/. 

Qywo  AuM-oLo-llaAy  iA>  —  a/waAttAAs. 

(slnnA/  a/waAtt/iy  i&>  —  ofyntAy. 
vi/t/  aAJAZAstkAs  i&>  —  nicAe-l^. 


124  FIRST   DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 

1  dollar  -f-  1  cent  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  -j-  1  dime  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  +  1  quarter  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  +  1  half-dollar  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  +  1  nickel  =  —  cents. 

1  half-dollar  +  1  dime  =  —  cents. 
1  half-dollar  +  1  quarter  =  —  cents* 
1  half-dollar  +  1  nickel  =  —  cents. 
1  half-dollar  +  1  .cent  =  —  cents. 
1  half-dollar  +  1  dollar  =  —  cents. 

1  quarter  +  1  cent  =  —  cents. 
1  quarter  +  1  dime  =  —  cents. 
1  quarter  +  1  half-dollar  =  —  cents, 
1  quarter  -f-  1  nickel  =  —  cents. 
1  quarter  -f  1  dollar  =  —  cents. 

1  dime  +  1  cent  =  —  cents. 
1  dime  +  1  nickel  =  —  cents. 
1  dime  +  1  quarter  =  — -  cents. 
1  dime  +  1  dollar  =  —  cents. 
1  dime  +  1  half-dollar  =  —  cents. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER.  125 

1  half-dollar  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dollar. 
1  quarter  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dollar. 
1  dime  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dollar. 
1  cent  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dollar. 

1  quarter  is  —  cents  less  than  1  half-dollar. 
1  dime  is  —  cents  less  than  1  half-dollar. 
1  cent  is  —  cents  less  than  1  half-dollar. 
1  nickel  is  —  cents  less  than  1  half-dollar,, 

1  dime  is  —  cents  less  than  1  quarter. 
1  cent  is  —  cents  less  than  1  quarter. 
1  nickel  is  —  cents  less  than  1  quarter. 

1  cent  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dime. 
1  nickel  is  —  cents  less  than  1  dime. 
1  cent  is  —  cents  less  than  1  nickel. 

1  dollar  —  1  cent  =  —  cents. 
1  quarter  —  1  dime  =  —  cents. 
1  dime  —  1  cent  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  —  1  quarter  =  —  cents. 
1  half-dollar  —  1  quarter  =  —  cents. 
1  dollar  —  1  dime  =  —  cents. 


126 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


$1 
$1 

$1 

$1 
$1 
$1 

$1 
$1 

$1 
$1 

$1 
$1 


s  —  cents  more  than  2  quarters. 
s  —  cents  more  than  9  dimes. 
s  —  cents  more  than  75  cents. 
s  —  cents  more  than  3  quarters. 
s  —  cents  more  than  6  dimes. 
s  —  cents  more  than  5  nickels. 
s  —  cents  more  than  90  cents. 

s  1  half-dollar  and  —  cents. 
s  3  quarters  and  —  cents. 
s  1  half-dollar  and  —  dimes. 
s  50  cents  and  —  dimes. 
s  5  dimes  and  —  quarters. 
s  2  quarters  and  —  nickels. 
s  80  cents  and  —  dimes. 


One-half  of  1  dollar  is  —  cents. 
One-half  of  1  dime  is  —  cents. 
One-fifth  of  1  quarter  is  —  cents. 
One-half  of  1  half-dollar  is  —  cents. 
One-tenth  of  1  dollar  is  —  cents. 
One-fourth  of  1  dollar  is  —  cents. 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER.  127 

Nell  had  1  dollar.  She  spent  \  of  her  money 
Nell  spent  —  cents ;  because  \  of  1  dollar  is  50  cents. 

May  had  1  half-dollar.  She  spent  \  of  her  money. 
May  spent  —  cents ;  because . 

Tom  had  1  dollar  and  earned  1  quarter.     Tom  has 

—  cents ;  because . 

Paul  had  1  dollar  and  spent  1  quarter      Paul  has 

—  cents ;  because . 

May  has  1  quarter  and  Helen  has  4  times  as  much 
money.     Helen  has  — ;  because . 

John  had  1  dollar.     He  spent  1  dime.     John  has 

—  cents ;  because . 

Helen  has  1  dime,  which  is  \  of  May's  money. 
May  has  — ■  cents ;  because . 

Hugh  paid  10  cents  for  a  rose  and  25  cents  for  a 
bunch  of  violets.  Hugh  paid  —  cents  for  the  flowers; 
because . 

Hazel  paid  75  cents  for  a  basket  of  apples  and 
25  cents  for  a  basket  of  grapes.  Hazel  paid  one  —  for 
the  fruit ;  because . 


128 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


%&. 


l&> 


Winter. 

jJu/nscLa/Us 

1 

<r 

IS 

22 

2<? 

MK^ricOayw 

2 

9 

lb 

23 

30 

U  w£&>cUz/u> 

3 

10 

H 

24 

31 

It^eximseAscla/i'is 

4 

ii 

If 

2S 

O fVUAAsCLa/lf/ 

S 

12 

/<? 

26 

<J*UxLa/w 

6 

13 

20 

27 

.jJ (xta/ucLa/Us 

7 

14 

21 

2f 

1 

u. 


(Q-ctoWJls 


i  iLoOK^viisuLAy 


Ay-t/CC/mluA/  \ 


T 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  129 

PvoaaAs 


QmsO  TnAmAito  i&   —   bsexxMvdAs. 

Jit  i&  YLXPoro  at  —   (p'cZo~cA,    cLa/w. 

Jt  iA    ^rntcUntaAt  at  —   o'otocA,   WAsaAt. 

TlTo  SA^aAlaAt  at  —  o'olocA.  l/Sh 
Iu/yvcA  at  —  o'olocA.  (JJo  exit  dtruruAL 
at   —   o'cZocA. 

J?  a&  to  &ext  at  —  o'ol<>cJh  annxt  ua^ 
at  —  o-'cZo^cA.  (QuAs  6a>As(poZ  o-fistmAs  at 
—  o'cXocA.  Jinny  tAo  6A4/msnveyis  th<£>  wAdA^ 
iMyOA/riy  to  &4/Yha   at  —  ^'(wl. 


130  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

1  month  and  1  day  are  —  days. 
1  week  and  1  day  are  —  days. 
1  year  and  1  day  are  —  days. 
1  month  and  1  week  are  —  days. 
1  year  and  1  week  are  —  days. 
1  week  and  1  week  are  —  days. 

1  month  less  1  day  is  —  days. 
1  year  less  1  day  is  —  days. 
1  week  less  1  day  is  —  days. 
1  month  less  4  days  is  —  days. 
1  week  less  2  days  is  —  days. 
1  year  less  10  days  is  —  days. 

One-half  of  one  day  is  —  hours. 
One-half  of  one  month  is  —  days. 
One-half  of  one  hour  is  —  minutes. 
One-half  of  one  year  is  —  months. 

Two  months  are  —  days.     Three  weeks  are  —  days. 
Two  weeks  are  —  days.       Fourteen  days  are  —  weeks. 
Two  days  are  —  hours.        Two  months  are  —  weeks. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN    NUMBER.  131 


LIQUID   MEASURE. 

/  axiMo-rb  Up  —  aMsaAfcbs. 
J  a/uuaAt  {A-  —  fU/ntbs. 


J   hyi/Klt  {A;  — 

1  gallon  +  1  quart  =  —  quarts. 
1  quart  +  1  pint  =  —  pints. 
I  pint  +  1  gill  =  —  gills. 

1  gallon  —  1  quart  =  —  quarts. 
1  quart  —  1  pint  =  —  pints. 
1  pint  —  1  gill  =  —  gills. 

Two  gallons  are  —  quarts. 
Three  quarts  are  —  pints. 
Two  pints  are  —  gills. 
Two  quarts  are  —  pints. 
Four  pints  are  —  quarts. 
Eight  quarts  are  —  gallons. 
Twelve  quarts  are  —  gallons. 
Twelve  pints  are  —  quarts. 


132  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

DRY   MEASURE. 

J  tvocJb  {As  —  a/waAZ6/. 


1  bushel  and  1  peck  are  —  pecks. 
1  peck  and  1  quart  are  —  quarts. 
1  bushel  less  1  peck  are  —  pecks. 
1  peck  less  1  quart  are  —  quarts. 

Two  bushels  are  —  pecks. 
Two  pecks  are  —  quarts. 
Three  bushels  are  —  pecks. 
Three  pecks  are  —  quarts. 

2  bushels  and  1  peck  are  —  pecks. 
2  pecks  and  2  quarts  are  —  quarts. 
2  bushels  less  2  pecks  are  —  pecks. 
2  pecks  less  4  quarts  are  —  quarts. 
2  bushels  less  3  pecks  are  —  pecks. 
2  pecks  less  6  quarts  are  —  quarts. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  183 


J 'fa,  —   frirves  iA>  o^rvo  LwcA-  lo^wa^. 

J  fay   ^wtMoMJ-  li/rvo  L&>  —  im&fveAs  lo^va^. 

J  flue   —   (dm*,   lA,  louA,   iywcA^A^   ionnyO-. 
J  Ive,  pA4Ayfiio  writ*   i&   —   trnxm^A^   Co^yvg^. 
J  fax,   —  id/rvo  i&   tfaso  $Jia>suUaZ  vi/we,. 
Jivt<   —   liiMs  i&    tfws   lo-msCMAZ   fa/no. 
J  fa^   ystM<Mts-  liyrvo  iAs  —  isru>n4As  t<}-ruz*As 

tfva/yv   tJvo   l^xi,   vimx,. 
Jh&  pAA/iJvt^  ii/rw,  {A,  —  i/rucAAA  &A<oAfaAs 


134  FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER. 

LINEAR   MEASURE. 


/  njsa/uoL  i&>  —  loot. 
J  nj/aywL  iA/  —  trvcA^A-. 
J  loot  i>&>  - —  ItvcA^a^. 


1  yard  +  1  foot  =  —  feet. 
1  foot  +  1  inch  =  —  inches. 
1  yard  +  1  inch  = inches. 

1  yard  —  1  foot  =  —  feet. 
1  yard  —  1  inch  =  — -  inches. 
1  foot  —  1  inch  =  —  inches. 

Two  yards  are  —  feet. 
Two  yards  are  —  inches. 
Two  feet  are  —  inches. 
Three  feet  are  — -  inches. 

2  yards  and  2  feet  are  —  feet. 
2  yards  and  1  inch  are  —  inches. 

2  feet  and  3  inches  are  —  inches. 

3  feet  and  4  inches  are  —  inches. 


FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER,  135 

<A>   o^ris   thts  —  6^cLo  ot  twt>   iHjAtdsoruj/.       Jt 
J  h^    umzM^    oAst,    — .       J    oayvv    li/ncL    — 

fltctidAA^       UyfUMV       tfa*es       W-aMb.  J       haAMs 

co^uxntext    —    uM/tnydxMi^.       &rfx>fv    iiH/yvdxMV- 

J  nib,    U^cpwb    i&    —    l^tt   Ic^nxp    a/wds    — 
loct  uMscUs.       J  tftiA/nA  it  ja>  aSxMit  —  lt>et 


USh    n<a/iW/    —    taMeAs    a/rud,    —    cJvoaA& 
iru   <MiAy   Ux^yyiy.       2lTt>   fiyayu-&    —  fi£a/nt&>   i/n> 

—    $-osu&   ounnxis  —   oaAa%   aAxy  at   6x>wo-aZ 
to-cLa/Us.       liTe,  aAAy  im/i/u>  —  cAttdAse/rv. 


136  FIEST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 

REVIEW. 

One  day  is  one-seventh  of  one  — . 
One  inch  is  one-twelfth  of  one  — . 
One  week  is  one-fourth  of  one  — . 
One  pint  is  one-half  of  one  ■ — 
One  month  is  one-twelfth  of  one  — . 
One  dime  is  one-tenth  of  one  — , 

One  quart  is  one-fourth  of  one  — . 
One  nickel  is  one-half  of  one  — . 
One  foot  is  one-third  of  one  — . 
One  cent  is  one-tenth  of  one  — . 

Five  cents  is  one-half  of  one  — . 
Two  quarts  is  one-half  of  one  — . 
Two  weeks  is  one-half  of  one  — . 
One  nickel  is  one-third  of  —  cents. 
One  quarter  is  one-half  of  —  cents. 

One-half  of  one  dollar  is  —  quarters., 
One-half  of  one  gallon  is  —  quarts. 
One-half  of  one  foot  is  —  inches. 
One-fifth  of  one  quarter  is  —  cents. 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


137 


4  nests 

3  barns 

10  houses 


4  dolls 
6  tops 
9  balls 


3  flies 

2  butterflies 

5  spiders 


4  brooks 

3  rivers 

4  creeks 


6  boats 

4  steamers 

5  ships 


4  hammers 

5  saws 
lfile 


7  robins 
6  canaries 
4  red  birds 


5  shawls 
3  cloaks 
2  capes 


4  pearls 
6  diamonds 
3  rubies 

?  


7  turnips 
3  potatoes 
5  beets 

?  


138  FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


2 

4 

9 

3 

4 

7 

9 

4 

4 

6 

3 

6 

8 

2 

2 

6 

8 

3 

3 

8 

6 

9 

7 

6 

9 

4 

4 

9 

6 

9 

9 

8 

2 

4 

3 

3 

6 

7 

5 

5 

8 

3 

4 

1 

8 

7 

5 

2 

2 

2 

7 

6 

2 

7 

9 

2 

7 

9 

7 

9 

4 

5 

6 

4 

6 

1 

6 

8 

6 

8 

2 

4 

5 

3 

4 

5 

4 

5 

5 

4 

8 

3 

4 

2 

3 

9 

3 

6 

2 

2 

1 

9 

6 

5 

4 

8 

2 

4 

1 

6 

7 

9 

7 

9 

6 

9 

5 

5 

2 

8 

5 

8 

8 

4 

8 

7 

2 

3 

7 

3 

6 

2 

6 

5 

3 

2 

4 

6 

9 

2 

4 

6 

5 

6 

4 

6 

6 

4 

4 

9 

3 

4 

3 

1 

5 

4 

5 

8 

6 

4 

7 

8 

9 

7 

9 

7 

2 

3 

2 

4 

4 

2 

3 

4 

8 

8 

4 

2 

6 

3 

6 

7 

4 

6 

2 

9 

6 

4 

3 

3 

5 

4 

6 

5 

6 

5 

8 

7 

5 

2 

3 

6 

8 

3 

4 

6 

9 

8 

2 

6 

FIRST   DAYS   IN   NUMBER.  139 


22 

16 

10 

52 

16 

32 

16 

31 

11 

11 

32 

11 

14 

21 

41 

12 

46 

11 

21 

11 

32 

19 

23 

21 

46 

45 

42 

16 

26 

14 

81 

32 

46 

23 

21 

11 

16 

42 

25 

29 

33 

33 

14 

12 

45 

32 

31 

11 

12 

23 

73 

42 

5Q 

23 

32 

34 

25 

28 

36 

24 

45 

46 

25 

61 

46 

54 

32 

26 

25 

26 

42 

25 

27 

46 

81 

22 

43 

456 

413 

326 

241 

246 

333 

211 

425 

133 

137 

211 

144 

346 

332 

133 

432 

346 

125 

122 

416 

342 

146 

122 

425 

241 

213 

126 

221 

246 

236 

232 

356 

132 

233 

423 

127 

214 

222 

246 

346 

134 

223 

123 

321 

241 

223 

231 

346 

242 

126 

133 

321 

324 

252 

140  FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


12 
12 
12 

22 
22 

22 

34 
34 
34 

45 
45 
45 

26 
26 
26 

12 
x_3_ 

22 
x3 

34 
x3 

45 
x3 

26 
x3 

46 
46 
46 
46 

32 
32 
32 
32 

25  - 

25 

25 

25 

27 
27 
27 
27 

17 
17 
17 
17 

46 
x4 

32 
x4 

25 
x4 

27 
x4  . 

17 
x4 

223 
223 
223 

416 
416 
416 

227 
227 
227 

135 
135 
135 

246 
246 
246 

223 
x3 

416 
x3 

227 
x3 

135 
x_3 

246 
x3 

123 
123 
123 

246 
246 
246 

101 
101 
101 

200 
200 
200 

208 
208 
208 

123 
x3 

246 
x3 

101 
x3 

200 
x3 

208 
X3 

FIRST  DAYS   IN  NUMBER. 


141 


1 

2 

3       4 

5       6 

7      8 

9       1C 

>       11 

12 

1 

2      3      4 

5       6       7       8 

9       10       11 

12 

Two  2's  =  ? 

Two  10's  =  ? 

Two  4's  =  ? 

Two  l7s  =  ? 

Two    9's  =  ? 

Two  6's  =  ? 

Two  3's  =  ? 

Two  12's  =  ? 

Two  7's  =  ? 

Two  5's  =  ? 

Two  ll's  =  ? 

Two  8\s  =  ? 

1x2  =  ? 

12  x  2  =  ? 

5x2  =  ? 

2x2  =  ? 

11  x  2  =  ? 

8x2  =  ? 

3x2  =  ? 

10  x  2  =  ? 

7x2  =  ? 

4x2  =  ? 

9x2  =  ? 

6x2  =  ? 

?  is  J  of  20. 

?  is  }  of  10. 

?  is  i  of  22. 

?  is  i  of  24. 

?  is  i  of    2. 

?  is  i  of    6. 

?  is  a  of  18. 

?  is  i  of    4. 

?  is  i  of  14. 

?  is  |  of  12. 

?  is  i  of    8. 

?  is  i  of  16. 

?  _ 

-2=1 

?  _ 

-2=4 

?  _ 

^2  =  8 

?  _ 

-2=    6 

?  H 

-2  =  11 

?  _ 

-2  =  2 

?  _ 

-2  =  10 

?  _ 

-2=9 

?- 

-2  =  7 

?  _ 

1-2  =  12 

?  _ 

r  2=     3 

?  _ 

-2  =  5 

142 


FIRST   DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


123456789  10  11  12 
123456789  10  11  12 
123456789   10   11   12 


Three  2's 
Three  4's 
Three  3's 
Three  5's 


Three  10' s 
Three  9's 
Three  12's 
Three  ll's 


Three  l's 
Three  6's 
Three  7's 
Three  8's 


1x3 
2x3 
3x3 
4x3 


12  x  3 

11  x  3 

10  x  3 

9x3 


5x3 
6x3 
7x3 
8x3 


?  is  i  of    3. 

?  is  i  of  9. 
?  is  ^  of  15. 
?  is  i  of  21. 


?  is  ^  of 


6. 


?  is  i  of  12. 

?  is  i  of  18. 
?  is  i  of  24. 


?  is  i  of  36. 
?  is  i  of  33. 
?  is  i  of  30. 
?  is  J.  of  27. 


3  =  1 

3  =  3 

3  =  5 

3  =  4 


?-^3  = 


?-h3 


12 
9 

7. 
8 


?-=-3 
?  +  3 

?4-3 


2 
6 

10 
11 


FIRST  DAYS  IN   NUMBER. 


143 


2 
2 
2 
2 


3 

3 
3 
3 


4  5 

4  5 

4  5 

4  5 


6 
6 
6 
6 


8 
8 
8 
8 


9 
9 
9 
9 


10 
10 
10 
10 


11 
11 
11 
11 


12 
12 
12 
12 


Four  l's 

Four  4's 
Four  10's 
Four  77s 


Four  2's 
Four  5's 
Four  11 's 

Four    8's 


Four  3's 
Four  6's 
Four  12's 
Four    9s 


=  ? 
=  ? 
o 

—  ? 


1x4 
2x4 
3x4 
4x4 


1  is  i  of  ? 

3  is  i  of  ? 

4  is  i  of  ? 

2  is  i  of  ? 


5x4 
6x4 
7x4 
8x4 


10  is  \  of  ? 
6  is  \  of  ? 

5  is  i  of  ? 


is 


iof? 


9x4 

10  x  4 

11  x  4 

12  x  4 


8  is  i  of  ? 

11  is  J  of  ? 

12  is  i  of  ? 
'iof? 


9  is 


?  +  4  = 
?-r-4  = 
?4-4  = 

?-4-4  = 


?-f4  = 
4  = 
?-h4  = 

?-r-4  = 


10 

11 

9 

8 


4 
4 
4 
4 


4 

6 

7 

12 


144 


FIRST  DAYS  IN  NUMBER. 


1       2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7      8 

9 

10      11       12 

12       3 

4 

5 

6      7      8 

9 

10      11       12 

12       3 

4 

5 

6      7      8 

9 

10      11       12 

12       3 

4 

5 

6      7      8 

9 

10      11       12 

12      3 

4 

5 

6      7      8 

9 

10      11       12 

Five    l's  = 

? 

Five    2's  =  ? 

Five    3's  =  ? 

Five    77s  = 

? 

Five    8's  =  ? 

Five    6's  =  ? 

Five  10's  = 

? 

Five  ll's  =  ? 

Five  12's  =  ? 

Five    47s  = 

? 

Five    5's  =  ? 

Five    9's  =  ? 

1x5 

=  ? 

5x5  =  ? 

9x5  =  ? 

2x5 

=  ? 

6x5  =  ? 

10  x  5  =  ? 

3x5 

=  ? 

7x5  =  ? 

11x5=? 

4x5 

=  ? 

8x5  =  ? 

12  x  5  =  ? 

6  is  i  of  ? 

10  is  i  of  ? 

5  is  -J-  of  ? 

4  is  I  of  ? 

9  is  i  of  ? 

8  is  i  of  ? 

2  is  i  of  ? 

7  is  -J-  of  ? 

11  is  i  of  ? 

lis'-frof  ? 

3  is  £  of  ? 

12  is  £  of  ? 

U 

-5  = 

=    1 

?  - 

1-5  =  2 

?_ 

^-5  =  11 

?- 

-5  = 

=  10 

?  _ 

-5  =  3 

?  _ 

-5=    6 

?  _ 

-5  = 

=  12 

?  _ 

-5  =  4 

?  _ 

-5=7 

v  _ 
» 

^5  = 

=    9 

?- 

-5  =  5 

?- 

.5=    8 

